Single Dose of Tranexamic Acid Effectively Reduces Blood Loss in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of oral administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) in spine surgery to achieve blood loss reduction. METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing major surgery of the spine were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group 1 was assigned as the control group and the other group comprised patients who received oral administration of TXA 2 hours before surgery. Outcome measures included intraoperative blood loss, postoperative blood loss, hematologic parameters, blood transfusion needed, and surgical complications. RESULTS: Sixty patients linked up with the inclusion criteria. Intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the TXA oral group than in the control group; total blood loss in the TXA group was 930.66 ± 614 mL, which was lower than in the control group, with 1075.66 ± 956.11 mL. The mean reduction of hemoglobin was almost the same in both groups. Similarly, the total transfusion package received was lower, and the number of complications and length of stay were akin in both groups. A logistic regression model was performed with patients who had blood loss >1000 mL and surgery time >230 minutes. This result was related to the risk of bleeding, with an odds ratio of 1.31, 95% confidence interval, 1.004-1.023, P = 0.004, independent of the group. CONCLUSIONS: Oral TXA is as an effective measure for reducing total blood loss among patients undergoing elective spine surgery.

[Tratamiento quirúrgico de la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente. Resultados en el Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación de México. Seguimiento mínimo de 24 meses]. / Idiopathic scoliosis's surgical treatment. Results in Mexico's National Rehabilitation Institute. 24 months follow.

ANTECEDENTES: La escoliosis idiopática del adolescente se define como una deformidad tridimensional de la columna vertebral que se presenta entre los 10 y los 18 años, y que se manifiesta con una curvatura vertebral en el plano coronal mayor de 10°. Esta deformidad afecta al 2-3% de la población general, pero solo el 10% del total requerirá en algún momento tratamiento quirúrgico. El método de elección para el manejo es el uso de tornillos transpediculares y barras desrotadoras. OBJETIVO: Realizar un análisis descriptivo de los pacientes que recibieron manejo quirúrgico en nuestro instituto con tornillos transpediculares y barras. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, analítico, abierto, de muestreo no probabilístico, en el que se incluyeron los pacientes tratados con manejo quirúrgico entre 2012 y 2013. Las deformidades se estratificaron de acuerdo con la clasificación de Lenke. El ángulo de corrección de la deformidad, los niveles instrumentados, el sangrado transquirúrgico y la presencia de complicaciones fueron las variables analizadas. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron curvas Lenke IBN, Nash Moe III, Cobb un promedio de 59.4° y cifosis de 47.8. En promedio se siguió a los pacientes por 35.84 meses, detectando un aumento de la curvatura coronal de 2.28° y un aumento de la curvatura sagital de 2.8°. CONCLUSIÓN: Al comparar estos resultados y la literatura mundial se concluyó que el tratamiento de la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente es un método seguro y reproducible que ofrece una mayor ventaja biomecánica y biológica sobre el uso de instrumentación mixta utilizada anteriormente. BACKGROUND: Adolescent's idiopathic scoliosis is defined as a three-dimensional deformity of the spine, which occurs between 10 and 18-year-old, has a spinal curvature >10° in the coronal plane. This deformity affects 2­3% of the general population, however, only 10% of the total will require surgery at some point. The method of choice for management is the use of pedicle screws and rods derotational. OBJECTIVE: To perform a descriptive analysis of patients who received surgical treatment in our institute with pedicle screws and rods. METHODS: This is an observational, retrospective, analytical, open study, non-probability sampling, in which patients requiring surgical treatment at our institute between 2012 and 2013 were included, the deformities were stratified according to the classification of Lenke. The angle of deformity correction, instrumented levels, amount of bleeding, presence of complications were the variables analyzed. RESULTS: Lenke classifying mostly IBN, Moe Nash III, an average of 59.4° Cobb and kyphosis of 47.8. On average it was followed patients for 35.84 months, detecting an increase 2.28° coronal curvature and sagittal curvature increase of 2.8°. CONCLUSION: Comparing these results and world literature concluded that the treatment of adolescent's idiopathic scoliosis is a safe and reproducible method that provides greater biomechanical and biological advantage over the use of mixed instrumentation used previously.