The undisclosed disclosures: The dollar-outcome relationship in resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta.

BACKGROUND: Despite its rapid evolution, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) remains a controversial intervention that continues to generate active research. Proper conflict of interest (COI) disclosure helps to ensure that research is conducted objectively, without bias. We aimed to identify the accuracy of COI disclosures in REBOA research. METHODS: Literature search was performed using the keyword "REBOA" on PubMed. Studies on REBOA with at least one American author published between 2017 and 2022 were identified. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments database was used to extract information regarding payments to the authors from the industry. This was compared with the COI section reported in the manuscripts. Conflict of interest disclosure was defined as inaccurate if the authors failed to disclose any amount of money received from the industry. Descriptive statistics were performed. RESULTS: We reviewed a total of 524 articles, of which 288 articles met the inclusion criteria. At least one author received payments in 57% (165) of the articles. Overall, 59 authors had a history of payment from the industry. Conflict of interest disclosure was inaccurate in 88% (145) of the articles where the authors received payment. CONCLUSION: Conflict of interest reports are highly inaccurate in REBOA studies. There needs to be standardization of reporting of conflicts of interest to avoid potential bias. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.

Showing strength through flexibility: Multi-accent toddlers recognize words quickly and efficiently.

One of the great mysteries of language acquisition is how children cope with variation in their input. If one parent says pah-tah-to and the other parent says pah-tay-to, how does this affect a child's speech processing development? Past research suggests variableinput may have negative effects on the efficiency of multi-accent children'swordrecognition, leading to slower word recognition compared to mono-accent children, and even failure to recognize words in their parent's non-dominant accent. Here, were-examine speed ofwordrecognitionina large sample of Dutch-learning 24-month-olds (n = 96) who receive routine exposure to one versus two varieties of their native language.. We conclude that multi-accent children are equipped to flexibly adapt to their variable speech input, and show no language delay at 24 months of age. Contrary to earlier reports, we find no evidence that exposure to multiple varieties has long-lasting detrimental effects ontoddler's wordrecognition efficiency.

A Novel Feed-Forward Modeling System Leads to Sustained Improvements in Attention and Academic Performance.

Objective: This study tested a novel feed-forward modeling (FFM) system as a nonpharmacological intervention for the treatment of ADHD children and the training of cognitive skills that improve academic performance. Method: This study implemented a randomized, controlled, parallel design comparing this FFM with a nonpharmacological community care intervention. Improvements were measured on parent- and clinician-rated scales of ADHD symptomatology and on academic performance tests completed by the participant. Participants were followed for 3 months after training. Results: Participants in the FFM training group showed significant improvements in ADHD symptomatology and academic performance, while the control group did not. Improvements from FFM were sustained 3 months later. Conclusion: The FFM appeared to be an effective intervention for the treatment of ADHD and improving academic performance. This FFM training intervention shows promise as a first-line treatment for ADHD while improving academic performance.

A Qualitative Study of the Context of Child and Adolescent Substance Use Initiation and Patterns of Use in the First Year for Early and Later Initiators.

Individuals who initiate substance use before high school are at higher risk of negative outcomes. Eighty-six young adults between the ages of 18 and 28 participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews focused on the circumstances surrounding participants' first use of substances and their pattern of use in the year following initiation in order to investigate similarities and differences between early versus later initiators. Initiation and use among early initiators were more likely to be encouraged by poor parental monitoring or active facilitation of use by parents. Early initiators were more likely to report risky patterns of use such as daily use and using alone. The data suggest that interventions targeting this population should focus on improving parental monitoring and decreasing positive parental attitudes toward adolescent substance use and efforts to increase identification and intervention by middle school staff to reach youth from high-risk families.