RESUMO
Sera from individuals in an outbreak of viral hepatitis in a multifamily household, probably spread by contaminated food, were studied for antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), and selected acute phase sera were inoculated into marmosets. Significant rises in anti-HAV titers between acute and convalescent sera occurred in all of 15 individuals in the outbreak who experienced serum enzyme elevations and in one of 14 individuals whose serum enzyme levels remained normal. The remaining 13 individuals in the latter group had antibody levels in both early and late sera compatible with residual immunity from prior HAV infections and correlating with resistance to reinfection. Groups of marmosets were infected with acute phase sera from two of the cases; in both instances the inoculated sera contained substantial levels of anti-HAV. The marmosets developed specific anti-HAV seroconversions as well as enzyme elevations.
Assuntos
Callitrichinae/imunologia , Surtos de Doenças , Hepatite A/imunologia , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Haplorrinos , Hepatite A/diagnóstico , Hepatite A/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Características de ResidênciaAssuntos
Eritrócitos/fisiologia , Ácidos Palmíticos/análogos & derivados , Venenos de Serpentes/farmacologia , Peçonhas/farmacologia , Animais , Transfusão de Sangue , Sobrevivência Celular , Radioisótopos de Cromo , Hematócrito , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Rim/fisiologia , Fígado/fisiologia , Masculino , Ácidos Palmíticos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Palmíticos/farmacologia , Ratos , Venenos de Serpentes/administração & dosagem , Baço/fisiologiaAssuntos
Anemia Falciforme/terapia , Transfusão de Sangue , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia Falciforme/sangue , Anemia Falciforme/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Proteínas Inativadoras do Complemento , Cianatos/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Envelhecimento Eritrocítico , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Sistema Fagocitário Mononuclear/fisiologia , Ratos , Serpentes , Baço/fisiologia , Transplante Heterólogo , Peçonhas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Survival characteristics, after transfusion, of erythrocytes from patients with homozygous sickle-cell disease were studied in rats. The study was made possible by previous injection of the animals with ethyl plamitate, which depressed reticuloendothelial system function, and with a factor in cobra venom that inactivated complement. This treatment prevented the rapid phagocytosis and intravascular hemolysis of donor erythrocytes that usually follow a heterologous transfusion. Both immediate after transfusion recovery and survival of (51)Cr-labeled sickle erythrocytes were decreased in comparison to the values obtained for control erythrocytes from individuals without sickle-cell anemia. Survival of sickle erythrocytes was improved during exposure of the animals to 100% O(2). Hypoxia (7-10% O(2)) resulted in the abrupt removal of 35-60% of sickle erythrocytes from the rats' circulation. Variations in oxygen tension did not affect survival of control erythrocytes. The usefulness of this convenient animal model for the study of sickle-cell anemia is suggested by the similarities between our results and the behavior of sickle erythrocytes in humans. The system may also be suitable for studying a wide variety of other human erythrocyte disorders.