The success elements of humor use in workplace leadership: A proposed framework with cognitive and emotional competencies.

This qualitative study aims to investigate the competencies and effectiveness of humor use in workplace leadership. By exploring the elements underlying successful and unsuccessful humor use, this research offers insights into the competencies required for leaders to leverage humor effectively. Adopting a qualitative inductive approach, fifteen individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, generating a dataset of 51 critical incidents of humor use. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes, resulting in the identification of five central elements: Reading the context, Intention and motivation, Judgement and decision, Skillful delivery, and Understanding reactions. These elements provide a comprehensive framework for understanding humor use in the context of workplace leadership, emphasizing the importance of cognitive and emotional intelligence / competencies. The study proposes a theoretical framework based on these findings, providing the foundation of a new paradigm for understanding and measuring humor use. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the competencies and complexities involved in using humor as a leadership tool and provides practical implications for leaders aiming to enhance their leadership effectiveness through humor.

Humor in Workplace Leadership: A Systematic Search Scoping Review.

Humor studies are increasingly prevalent in workplace and leadership domains, it has shown significant development in the last 40 years. The multifaceted nature of humor means varied definitions and diverse measurement approaches have been approved. As a result, research methodologies and findings are not easily clarified, and have not been synthesized. The aim of this scoping review was to review the existing body of literature relevant to humor in workplace leadership to identify key research areas, methodologies used, guiding theoretical frameworks, and gaps that are persisting over the last 40 years. Using qualitative review methods, four key themes in the research emerged relating to: (1) humor styles and outcomes; (2) humor as communication and discursive resource; (3) variables in the humor and leadership relationship; and (4) cultural context. This review demonstrates significant research progress on the topic of humor in workplace leadership. Research progress and gaps are discussed based on five key questions. Future research directions are outlined and discussed.

Proprioceptive Phenomenon With Involutional Ptosis: Evidential Findings in Anophthalmic Ptosis.

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of ptosis on compensatory frontalis contraction in patients without visual input and to identify if a sensory stimulus contributes to brow elevation. METHODS: A prospective study. Clinical photographs were measured by 2 masked oculoplastic surgeons to determine brow height in 8 patients with unilateral ocular prosthesis in 3 conditions: at baseline, after a gold weight was applied to the upper eyelid inducing acute ptosis, and with the gold weight plus topical anesthetic. The measured brow height was then compared between the 3 scenarios. RESULTS: Mean brow height increased after application of the gold weight when compared with baseline, and this difference reached significance (p = 0.012). After topical anesthetic was applied, the mean brow height decreased but not back to baseline. When mean brow height during the gold weight with topical anesthesia was compared with baseline and with the gold weight only scenarios, the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Frontalis contraction is observed when acute ptosis is simulated in anophthalmic patients, confirming that a contracted visual field cannot be the only stimulus for compensatory brow elevation. A sensory or proprioceptive mechanism is suggested but not confirmed by the trend of reduction in brow elevation with topical anesthesia.

Oculocardiac reflex associated with a large orbital floor fracture.

A 40-year-old man presented with bradycardia, left eye pain, and intermittent nausea 1 day after blunt trauma to the left orbit. Imaging revealed a large orbital floor fracture with significant herniation of orbital contents but no obvious extraocualar muscle entrapment. Oculocardiac reflex was suspected, and the fracture was repaired surgically within 24 hours of presentation. His bradycardia resolved immediately postoperatively. This case is a unique presentation of the oculocardiac reflex in a large orbital floor fracture with significant herniation of orbital contents but without extraocualar muscle entrapment.

Early postoperative adjustment of the Fasanella-Servat procedure: review of 102 consecutive cases.

PURPOSE: To describe and evaluate an office-based technique to adjust the Fasanella-Servat procedure in the first postoperative week. METHODS: This retrospective case series reviewed all consecutive eyelids undergoing the Fasanella-Servat procedure between July 1, 2006, and July 1, 2007, by a single surgeon (R.D.L.). Charts were reviewed to determine the frequency, timing, safety, and efficacy of postoperative adjustment. Postadjustment photographs were reviewed by a blinded ophthalmic plastic surgeon for eyelid contour, height, symmetry, overall cosmesis, and picture quality as excellent, satisfactory, or poor. RESULTS: The Fasanella-Servat procedure was performed on a total of 102 eyelids in 54 patients over the 12-month interval. Postoperative adjustments at the time of suture removal were performed to improve mild eyelid asymmetries for 22 eyelids (22%) in 19 patients. Postadjustment photographs, available for 17 patients, showed excellent eyelid contour (53%), height (88%), symmetry (82%), and cosmesis (65%). Satisfactory results were obtained in all remaining photographed eyelids. CONCLUSIONS: The Fasanella-Servat procedure should be viewed as an adjustable ptosis correction with the adjustment as a standard component of postoperative suture removal. This manipulation takes only a few moments with minimal to no patient discomfort. It allows for improvements in eyelid height and contour. This series demonstrates a procedure that is simple, highly successful, and safe.

Cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the eye, lids, and orbit.

The incidence of malignant cutaneous melanoma is increasing faster than any other cancer. Thus, it will become an increasingly common source of metastatic disease to the eye, lids, and orbit. Herein, we have performed a systematic review of previously published cases including patient characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, current treatments, and outcomes. At the time of ocular diagnosis, nearly all reported patients had a known history of cutaneous melanoma and synchronous non-ocular metastases. Several aspects help in differentiating the tumors from primary uveal melanomas such as the presence of symptoms, rapidly growing multifocal tumors, vitreous seeding, and histopathological findings. Intraocular metastases (uvea, vitreous, retina, and anterior-segment) are more common and occur in younger patients than extraocular metastases (eyelids, orbit, and extraocular muscles). Palliative radiation therapy is often used for intraocular disease. Orbital metastases from cutaneous melanoma commonly involve the extraocular muscles resulting in diplopia and exophthalmos. The mainstays of extraocular treatment are surgical resection and radiation therapy. Unfortunately, there are few good options for systemic treatment of diffusely metastatic melanoma. Therefore, patients with ocular metastasis should be managed to prevent loss of vision or loss of the eye, and to maximize their quality of life.

Bilateral epibulbar granulocytic sarcomas: a case of an 8-year-old girl with acute myeloid leukaemia.

PURPOSE: An 8-year-old girl with a history of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) presented with bilateral ocular discomfort, conjunctival injection, photophobia, and epiphora. METHODS: Clinical examination and high-frequency ultrasound showed bilateral epibulbar tumours. RESULTS: Granulocytic sarcomas were suspected and leukaemic infiltration was confirmed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy based cytopathologic examination. CONCLUSIONS: Epibulbar granulocytic sarcoma in AML is rare (particularly in a child). We describe the first high-frequency ultrasound images and illustrate the use of a minimally invasive fine-needle aspiration biopsy technique to confirm our diagnosis.