RESUMO
We present a series of four patients with the Charles Bonnet syndrome, which is characterized by recurrent vivid visual hallucinations in the presence of normal cognition and insight. It usually occurs in elderly people with ophthalmic pathology causing severe visual sensory deprivation. Our experience suggests that this syndrome is frequently overlooked or misdiagnosed by both ophthalmologists and psychiatrists. To our knowledge this is only the second series of cases of the syndrome in the American literature.
Assuntos
Alucinações/complicações , Transtornos da Visão/complicações , Percepção Visual , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , SíndromeRESUMO
We used a noninvasive technique to investigate changes in photoreceptor function with aging in observers 13-69 years of age. This technique, steady-state color matching, provides estimates of the optical density of cone photopigments, the illuminance that bleaches half of the photopigment, and the ratio of the primaries required at moderate light levels. In normal human retinas, we found that the optical density for a 4-deg field is affected minimally by aging from the second through the seventh decades. The average optical density is 0.27 +/- 0.054. The optical densities of older observers varied more than those of younger observers. The change in optical density with age is nonmonotonic, with slightly lower values for the youngest and oldest observers in our study. The retinal illuminance that bleaches half of the cone photopigment varied little across observers, averaging 4.37 log Td +/- 0.119. The change with age, which averages 0.00018 log Td per year over all observers, also is nonmonotonic. Moderate illuminance color matches did change with age, as expected, with a monotonic decrease with age in the ratio of the long-wavelength primary to the short-wavelength primary required for the color match.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Percepção de Cores/fisiologia , Células Fotorreceptoras/fisiologia , Pigmentos da Retina/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium is an uncommon tumour of young adults. We have seen 2 patients with this clinical diagnosis, both with unusual manifestations. In one patient growth of the tumour was observed over a 5-year period. In the second patient arterial-arterial anastomoses were detected at a site distal to the tumour.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Oculares/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Epitélio Pigmentado Ocular , Adolescente , Criança , Neoplasias Oculares/patologia , Feminino , Angiofluoresceinografia , Hamartoma/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Oftalmoscopia , Epitélio Pigmentado Ocular/patologiaAssuntos
Coriorretinite/diagnóstico , Coriorretinite/complicações , Coriorretinite/patologia , Eletrorretinografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cegueira Noturna/complicações , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/complicações , Doenças Retinianas/complicações , Vasos Retinianos , Transtornos da Visão/complicações , Vitiligo/complicaçõesAssuntos
Arteriosclerose/diagnóstico , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico , Glaucoma/diagnóstico , Neovascularização Patológica/diagnóstico , Vasos Retinianos , Artéria Carótida Interna , Constrição Patológica , Angiofluoresceinografia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Retinianas/diagnósticoRESUMO
Twenty-five ambulatory patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were studied over a 6-month period. Fourteen (56%) of the patients were heterosexuals with a history of intravenous drug abuse. Ocular involvement was seen in 40% of patients, cotton-wool spots being the major manifestation. Findings consistent with cytomegalovirus retinitis were seen in only one patient. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the ocular findings and epidemiology of AIDS.
