RESUMO
The risk factors that characterize metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be present in childhood and adolescence, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Evaluate the prevalence of MetS and the importance of its associated variables, including insulin resistance (IR), in children and adolescents in the city of Guabiruba-SC, Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 1011 students (6–14 years, 52.4% girls, 58.5% children). Blood samples were collected for measurement of biochemical parameters by routine laboratory methods. IR was estimated by the HOMA-IR index, and weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure were determined. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between risk variables and MetS. The prevalence of MetS, IR, overweight and obesity in the cohort were 14%, 8.5%, 21% and 13%, respectively. Among students with MetS, 27% had IR, 33% were overweight, 45.5% were obese and 22% were eutrophic. IR was more common in overweight (48%) and obese (41%) students when compared with eutrophic individuals (11%; p = 0.034). The variables with greatest influence on the development of MetS were obesity (OR = 32.7), overweight (OR = 6.1), IR (OR = 4.4; p ≤ 0.0001 for all) and age (OR = 1.15; p = 0.014). There was a high prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents evaluated in this study. Students who were obese, overweight or insulin resistant had higher chances of developing the syndrome.
Os fatores de risco que caracterizam a síndrome metabólica (SM) podem estar presentes na infância e adolescência, agravando o risco para as doenças cardiovasculares na idade adulta. Verificar a prevalência de SM e a importância de suas variáveis associadas, incluindo resistência à insulina (RI), em crianças e adolescentes do município de Guabiruba-SC, Brasil. Estudo transversal realizado com 1011 estudantes (6–14 anos; 52,4% meninas; 58,5% crianças). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para as medidas de parâmetros bioquímicos por métodos laboratoriais de rotina. A RI foi estabelecida pelo índice HOMA-IR e foram aferidos o peso, a altura, a circunferência da cintura e a pressão arterial. Modelos de regressão logística multivariada foram usados para examinar associações entre as variáveis de risco e a SM. Na população avaliada, as prevalências de SM, RI, sobrepeso e obesidade foram de 14%, 8,5%, 21% e 13%, respectivamente. Dentre os estudantes com SM, 27% tinham RI, 33% apresentavam sobrepeso, 45,5% eram obesos e 22% eutróficos. A RI foi mais frequente nos estudantes com sobrepeso (48%) e obesos (41%) em comparação aos indivíduos eutróficos (11%; p = 0,034). As variáveis com maior influência para o desenvolvimento da SM foram a obesidade (OR = 32,7), o sobrepeso (OR= 6,1), a RI (OR = 4,4; p ≤ 0,0001 para todos) e a idade (OR = 1,15; p = 0,014). Foi observada elevada prevalência de SM nas crianças e adolescentes avaliados. Estudantes obesos, com sobrepeso ou resistentes à insulina tiveram maiores chances de desenvolver a síndrome.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Pressão Sanguínea , Tamanho Corporal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Resistência à Insulina , Insulina/sangue , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The risk factors that characterize metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be present in childhood and adolescence, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the prevalence of MetS and the importance of its associated variables, including insulin resistance (IR), in children and adolescents in the city of Guabiruba-SC, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 1011 students (6-14 years, 52.4% girls, 58.5% children). Blood samples were collected for measurement of biochemical parameters by routine laboratory methods. IR was estimated by the HOMA-IR index, and weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure were determined. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between risk variables and MetS. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS, IR, overweight and obesity in the cohort were 14%, 8.5%, 21% and 13%, respectively. Among students with MetS, 27% had IR, 33% were overweight, 45.5% were obese and 22% were eutrophic. IR was more common in overweight (48%) and obese (41%) students when compared with eutrophic individuals (11%; p = 0.034). The variables with greatest influence on the development of MetS were obesity (OR = 32.7), overweight (OR = 6.1), IR (OR = 4.4; p ≤ 0.0001 for all) and age (OR = 1.15; p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents evaluated in this study. Students who were obese, overweight or insulin resistant had higher chances of developing the syndrome.
Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Pressão Sanguínea , Tamanho Corporal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Criança , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Resistência à Insulina , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
A prevenção das doenças cardiovasculares consiste na identificação precoce dos fatores de risco envolvidos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em crianças e adolescentes no município de Guabiruba-SC, Brasil. Participaram deste estudo transversal 1011 crianças e adolescentes (6-14 anos; 52,4% meninas), sem desordens diagnosticadas. Amostras de sangue (jejum de 12-14 h) foram coletadas para avaliações laboratoriais e foram aferidos os índices antropométricos e a pressão arterial. De acordo com os resultados, foi observada alta prevalência de dislipidemias (26-77% dependendo do parâmetro lipídico), hiperglicemia (11,6%), resistência à insulina (8,4%), pressão arterial elevada (4,5%), inflamação subclínica (27,2%), sobrepeso (17,6%), obesidade (6,5%), obesidade abdominal (30,2%) e gordura corporal elevada (31,1%). Conclui-se que a população infanto-juvenil avaliada possui risco elevado para as doenças cardiovasculares e medidas de prevenção e tratamento deverão ser implantadas.
Prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) consists in the early detection of the risk factors involved. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of risk factors for CVDs in children and adolescents from Guabiruba-SC, Brazil. Participated in this sectional study 1,011 children and adolescents (aged 6-14 years, 52.4% females), without diagnosed clinical disorders. Fasting blood samples were collected for biochemical measurements and the anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured. Based on the results, it was observed a high prevalence of risk factors for dyslipidemias (26-77% depending on the lipid parameter), hyperglycemia (11.6%), insulin resistance (8.4%), high blood pressure (4.5%), subclinical inflammation (27.2%), overweight (17.6%), obesity (6.5%), abdominal obesity (30.2%), and elevated body fat (31.1%). In summary, the studied children and adolescents had high risk for CVDs and preventive and treatment programs should be established.
