Correlation between the Skin Permeation Profile of the Synthetic Sesquiterpene Compounds, Beta-Caryophyllene and Caryophyllene Oxide, and the Antiedematogenic Activity by Topical Application of Nanoemulgels.

Sesquiterpene compounds are applied as permeation promoters in topical formulations. However, studies exploring their impact on nanostructured systems, changes in permeation profile, and consequently, its biological activity are restricted. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the skin permeation of the major sesquiterpenes, beta-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide from the oleoresin of Copaifera multijuga, after delivery into topical nanoemulgels, and the in vivo antiedematogenic activity. First, ten nanoemulgels were prepared and characterized, and their in vitro permeation profile and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated. In equivalent concentrations, ß-caryophyllene permeation was greater from oleoresin nanoemulgels, resulting in greater in vivo antiedematogenic activity. However, an inverse relationship was observed for caryophyllene oxide, which showed its favored permeation and better in vivo anti-inflammatory effect carried as an isolated compound in the nanoemulgels. These results suggest that the presence of similar compounds may interfere with the permeation profile when comparing the profiles of the compounds alone or when presented in oleoresin. Furthermore, the correlation results between the permeation profile and in vivo antiedematogenic activity corroborate the establishment of beta-caryophyllene as an essential compound for this pharmacological activity of C. multijuga oleoresin.

Effects of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on skin aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Skin aging has become a recurring concern even for younger people, mainly owing to increased life expectancy. In this context, the use of nutricosmetics as supplements has increased in recent years. Moreover, numerous scientific studies have shown the benefits of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation in improving the signs of skin aging. The objective of this study was to summarize the evidence on the effects of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on human skin through a systematic review followed by a meta-analysis of clinical trials focusing on the process of skin aging. A literature search was conducted in the Medline, Embase, Cochrane, LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), and Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine databases. Eligible studies were randomized, double-blind, and controlled trials that evaluated oral supplementation with hydrolyzed collagen as an intervention and reported at least one of the following outcomes: skin wrinkles, hydration, elasticity, and firmness. After retrieving articles from the databases, 19 studies were selected, with a total of 1,125 participants aged between 20 and 70 years (95% women). In the meta-analysis, a grouped analysis of studies showed favorable results of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation compared with placebo in terms of skin hydration, elasticity, and wrinkles. The findings of improved hydration and elasticity were also confirmed in the subgroup meta-analysis. Based on results, ingestion of hydrolyzed collagen for 90 days is effective in reducing skin aging, as it reduces wrinkles and improves skin elasticity and hydration.

Development and validation of discriminating method of dissolution for fosamprenavir tablets based on in vivo data.

The aim of this work is to develop and validate a dissolution test for fosamprenavir tablets (Telzir(®)) based on in vivo data. The appropriate conditions were determined after testing sink conditions in dissolution medium, rotation speed and stability of the drug. In vivo release profiles were obtained from the literature. The fraction (and percentage) of dose absorbed (FA) was calculated by deconvolution, using the Wagner-Nelson method. For this formulation, the best dissolution conditions were achieved using a USP apparatus 1 900 ml of medium containing HCl 0.01 M at a rotation speed of 75 rpm. Under these conditions a significant linear relationship between fraction of drug absorbed versus dissolved was obtained (R(2)=0.984) and a level-A IVIVC was established. The in vitro dissolution samples were analyzed using a HPLC method and the validation was performed according to USP protocol. The method showed accuracy, precision, linearity and specificity within the acceptable range. The discriminatory power of the dissolution method was challenged. The kinetics of dissolution was determined using model-dependent methods. The dissolution profiles were best described by the Hixson-Crowell model. The dissolution test was validated and could be applied to evaluate the dissolution profile of fosamprenavir tablets.

Development and validation of dissolution test for ritonavir soft gelatin capsules based on in vivo data.

The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a dissolution procedure for ritonavir soft gelatin capsules (Norvir) based on in vivo data. Several conditions such as medium composition, pH, surfactant concentration and rotation speed were evaluated. The method was carried out using the same batch of Norvir used in a bioequivalence study and the in vivo data were used to select the best dissolution test conditions based on in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC). The dissolution test was validated using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC). For this formulation, the best dissolution conditions were achieved using paddle, 900ml of medium containing water with 0.7% (w/v) of sodium lauryl sulfate at a rotation speed of 25rpm. Under these conditions a significant linear relationship between fraction of ritonavir absorbed and dissolved was obtained (R(2)=0.993) and a level A IVIVC was established. In the HPLC method a relative standard deviation for intra-day precision was <1.6% and for inter-day precision was <1.4%. Accuracy was from 98.5% to 101.6% over the concentration range required for the dissolution test (4.0-124.0microg/ml). Both the HPLC method and the dissolution test are validated and could be used to evaluate the dissolution profile of ritonavir soft gelatin capsules.