Da idealização à identificação: memórias afetivas em uma trajetória no Instituto Metodista de Ensino Superior / From idealization to identification: affective memories along the journey at Methodist Institute

Relato de trajetória acadêmica, discente e docente, no qual estão presentes aspectos pessoais com ênfase no desenvolvimento simultâneo do autor e do Instituto Metodista de Ensino Superior. Processos subjetivos são descritos, apoiados nas memórias afetivas, enquanto se apontam aspectos da realidade externa do campus, cenários para as experiências de vida. Conceitos psicanalíticos servem de apoio para compreender as vivências e a trajetória, assinalando a importância da instituição na representação psíquica. (AU)

Report of academic journey as a student and teacher, stressing both the author’s personal development and the successful story of Instituto Metodista de Ensino Superior. Subjective processes are described supported by affective memories, while aspects of campus external reality (background to life experiences) are broached. Psychoanalytical concepts act as props to understand life stories and journeys, the importance of IMES in the psychic representation being pointed up. (AU)

Facial pain associated with fibromyalgia can be marked by abnormal neuromuscular control: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) development in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is not yet fully understood, but altered neuromuscular control in FMS may play a role in triggering TMD. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to verify the association between neuromuscular control and chronic facial pain in groups of patients with FMS and TMD. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted. METHODS: This study involved an analysis of facial pain and electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles in patients with FMS (n=27) and TMD (n=28). All participants were evaluated according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and surface electromyography (SEMG). Myoelectric signal calculations were performed using the root mean square and median frequency of signals. RESULTS: The data revealed premature interruption of masticatory muscle contraction in both patient groups, but a significant correlation also was found between higher median frequency values and increased facial pain. This correlation probably was related to FMS because it was not found in patients with TMD only. Facial pain and increased SEMG activity during mandibular rest also were positively correlated. LIMITATIONS: Temporal conclusions cannot be drawn from the study. Also, the study lacked a comparison group of patients with FMS without TMD as well as a control group of individuals who were healthy. CONCLUSIONS: Altered neuromuscular control in masticatory muscles may be correlated with perceived facial pain in patients with FMS.

Quality of life and sleep in obese adolescents / Qualidade de vida e do sono de adolescentes obesos

Obesity and sleep disorders in adolescence are strongly associated, and they impact both on the health and on quality of life (QL) in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively assess QL and sleep in obese and eutrophic adolescents, who are older than ten years of age. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including obese adolescents. This analysis was carried out between August 2009 and August 2010. The Control (eutrophic) Group comprised schoolchildren recruited from State schools in the city of Americana, in São Paulo State, Brazil. Instruments applied included a standardized questionnaire, the Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), and the Pediatric QL Inventory (PedsQL TM 4.0). RESULTS: The obese adolescents had poorer QL on physical (p<0.001), emotional (p=0.03), and social (p=0.002) functioning domains. A difference in mean psychosocial functioning was found between the groups (p=0.009) with obese subjects having a mean score of 69.5 (±16.0) and in eutrophic individuals of 76.2 (±16.7). A greater number of sleep problems was evident in the Obese Group (p=0.03). Conclusions: The obese adolescents had an impaired QL and a higher frequency of sleep problems compared to the eutrophic subjects.

Obesidade e distúrbios do sono na adolescência estão amplamente associados, afetando a saúde e a qualidade de vida (QV) de tal grupo etário. OBJETIVO: Foi avaliar comparando a QV e o sono em adolescentes obesos e eutróficos maiores de dez anos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado entre agosto de 2009 e agosto de 2010, com adolescentes obesos. O Grupo Controle (eutróficos) foi constituído por estudantes da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Americana, em São Paulo. Foram utilizados ficha de identificação, Questionário do Comportamento do Sono (SBQ), Questionário de QV (PedsQL TM 4.0) como instrumentos. RESULTADOS: Os adolescentes obesos apresentaram QV inferior à dos controles nos domínios físico (p<0,001), emocional (p=0,03) e social (p=0,002). Houve diferença em relação à avaliação psicossocial entre obesos e eutróficos (médias de 69,5±16,0 e 76,2±16,7, respectivamente). O grupo de adolescentes obesos apresentou maior quantidade de distúrbios do sono (p=0,03). Conclusões: Adolescentes obesos apresentaram prejuízo na QV e maior quantidade de distúrbios do sono comparados aos indivíduos eutróficos.

Quality of life and sleep in obese adolescents.

UNLABELLED: Obesity and sleep disorders in adolescence are strongly associated, and they impact both on the health and on quality of life (QL) in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively assess QL and sleep in obese and eutrophic adolescents, who are older than ten years of age. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including obese adolescents. This analysis was carried out between August 2009 and August 2010. The Control (eutrophic) Group comprised schoolchildren recruited from State schools in the city of Americana, in São Paulo State, Brazil. Instruments applied included a standardized questionnaire, the Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), and the Pediatric QL Inventory (PedsQL TM 4.0). RESULTS: The obese adolescents had poorer QL on physical (p<0.001), emotional (p=0.03), and social (p=0.002) functioning domains. A difference in mean psychosocial functioning was found between the groups (p=0.009) with obese subjects having a mean score of 69.5 (±16.0) and in eutrophic individuals of 76.2 (±16.7). A greater number of sleep problems was evident in the Obese Group (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The obese adolescents had an impaired QL and a higher frequency of sleep problems compared to the eutrophic subjects.

Quality of sleep and quality of life in adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

OBJECTIVES: To assess sleep characteristics of adolescents infected by HIV, and to ascertain whether psychosocial aspects are associated to the quality of sleep. METHODS: A cross-sectional study assessing 102 HIV-infected adolescents of both genders, aged between 10 and 20 years-old and 120 Controls. Data collection was performed by applying the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. RESULTS: A sleep disturbance prevalence of 77.4% was found in patients, and a 75% prevalence in controls, and there was correlation between quality of sleep and of life. HIV-infected adolescents scored higher for sleep breathing disorders and had higher prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected adolescents had similar quality of sleep compared to healthy adolescents. This may be explained by the steady improvements in daily living as a result of successful anti-retroviral therapy, and by the vulnerability that affects Brazilian adolescents living in major urban centers.

Quality of sleep and quality of life in adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus / Qualidade do sono e qualidade de vida em adolescentes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana

OBJECTIVES: To assess sleep characteristics of adolescents infected by HIV, and to ascertain whether psychosocial aspects are associated to the quality of sleep. METHODS: A cross-sectional study assessing 102 HIV-infected adolescents of both genders, aged between 10 and 20 years-old and 120 Controls. Data collection was performed by applying the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. RESULTS: A sleep disturbance prevalence of 77.4% was found in patients, and a 75% prevalence in controls, and there was correlation between quality of sleep and of life. HIV-infected adolescents scored higher for sleep breathing disorders and had higher prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected adolescents had similar quality of sleep compared to healthy adolescents. This may be explained by the steady improvements in daily living as a result of successful anti-retroviral therapy, and by the vulnerability that affects Brazilian adolescents living in major urban centers.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as características do sono de adolescentes infectados pelo HIV e estudar se os aspectos psicossociais estão associados à qualidade do sono. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, que avaliou 102 adolescentes, com idades entre 10 e 20 anos, infectados pelo HIV, e 120 controles, de ambos os gêneros. Para a coleta de dados, aplicaram-se: a Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, a Epworth Sleepiness Scale, e o Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se prevalência de distúrbios do sono em 77,4% dos pacientes e em 75% nos controles, e houve correlação entre qualidade do sono e de vida. Adolescentes HIV-positivos apresentaram maior pontuação nos distúrbios respiratórios do sono e maior prevalência de sonolência diurna excessiva. CONCLUSÕES: Adolescentes infectados pelo HIV apresentaram qualidade de sono semelhante à da população saudável. Isso provavelmente decorre pela melhora de suas condições de vida resultante do sucesso da terapia antirretroviral em pacientes HIV-positivos e pelas vulnerabilidades que afetam adolescentes brasileiros de grandes centros urbanos.

Executive attention and working memory in narcoleptic outpatients / Atenção executiva e memória de trabalho em pacientes com narcolepsia

OBJECTIVE: This pioneering study aimed to evaluate executive attention and working memory in Brazilian narcoleptic outpatients. METHODS: Narcoleptic group: 19 treated narcoleptic outpatients (13 F; 6 M) (mean age=37.58; SD = 8.93); control group: 19 subjects (15 F; 4 M) (mean age=34.42; SD=12.31). INSTRUMENTS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale - Brazilian Portuguese Version (ESS-BR), Victoria Stroop Test (VST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) of WAIS-III. RESULTS: Significant difference at Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) (p<0.001) and at working memory (p=0.009) with worse results for narcoleptic patients. Patients were slower at VST-1 (p=0.002), VST-2 (p=0.045) and at TMT-A (p=0.016), TMT-B (p=0.006) and B-A (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: Narcoleptic patients showed higher degrees of EDS, an impaired executive attention at a temporal level and lower performance in working memory when compared to normal controls.

OBJETIVO: Este estudo pioneiro teve como objetivo avaliar a atenção executiva e a memória de trabalho em pacientes brasileiros com narcolepsia. MÉTODOS: Grupo-estudo: 19 narcolépticos tratados (13 M; 6 H), com média de idade de 37,58 anos, DP=8,93; grupo-controle: 19 sujeitos (15 M; 4 H), com média de idade de 34,42 anos, DP=12,31. UTILIZARAM-SE: a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth-BR, Victoria Stroop Test (VST), Trail Making Test (TMT) e Sequência de Números e Letras (SNL) da WAIS-III. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significativa nos graus de Sonolência Diurna Excessiva (SDE) (p<0,001) e na memória de trabalho (p=0,009), com piores resultados para o grupo-estudo. Do mesmo modo, verificaram-se tempos aumentados no grupo-estudo para execução do VST-1 (p=0,002), VST-2 (p=0,045) e TMT-A (p=0,016), e TMT-B (p=0,006) e B-A (p=0,024). CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com narcolepsia apresentaram graus mais elevados de SDE, prejuízo na atenção executiva em nível temporal e desempenho inferior da memória de trabalho em relação aos sujeitos-controles.

Executive attention and working memory in narcoleptic outpatients.

OBJECTIVE: This pioneering study aimed to evaluate executive attention and working memory in Brazilian narcoleptic outpatients. METHODS: Narcoleptic group: 19 treated narcoleptic outpatients (13 F; 6 M) (mean age=37.58; SD = 8.93); control group: 19 subjects (15 F; 4 M) (mean age=34.42; SD=12.31). INSTRUMENTS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale - Brazilian Portuguese Version (ESS-BR), Victoria Stroop Test (VST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) of WAIS-III. RESULTS: Significant difference at Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) (p<0.001) and at working memory (p=0.009) with worse results for narcoleptic patients. Patients were slower at VST-1 (p=0.002), VST-2 (p=0.045) and at TMT-A (p=0.016), TMT-B (p=0.006) and B-A (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: Narcoleptic patients showed higher degrees of EDS, an impaired executive attention at a temporal level and lower performance in working memory when compared to normal controls.

Sleep disorders in high school and pre-university students / Distúrbios do sono em estudantes do ensino médio e curso pré-vestibular

Adolescence is a period in which youngsters have to make choices such as applying for university. The selection process is competitive, and it brings distress and anxiety, risk factors for the appearance of sleep disorders. OBJECTIVE: To verify the occurrence of sleep disorders in third-year high school and pre-university students. METHOD: This cross-sectional descriptive study comprised a sample of 529 students (M=241, F=288) from three public schools, four private schools and two pre-university courses - a middle-class neighborhood in the city of São Paulo - aged between 16 and 19 years old. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) - a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: The participants (52.9 percent) took about 30 minutes to fall asleep, with an average of 306.4 minutes asleep, moderate daytime sleepiness (n=243, 45.9 percent) and indisposition (n=402, 75.9 percent) to develop the activities. The scores (M and F) were similar regarding problems that affect sleep. CONCLUSION: The investigated population showed sleep disorders and poor sleep quality.

A adolescência é tida como um período em que o jovem tem que fazer escolhas; a entrada na universidade é uma delas. O processo seletivo é concorrido, trazendo à tona angústia e ansiedade, fatores de risco para o surgimento de distúrbios do sono. OBJETIVO: Verificar a ocorrência de distúrbios do sono em estudantes do terceiro ano do ensino médio e de curso pré-vestibular. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo. A amostra de 529 estudantes (M=241; F=288) de três escolas públicas, quatro escolas privadas e dois cursos pré-vestibulares, de um bairro de classe média, da cidade de São Paulo, na faixa etária entre 16 e 19 anos. Utilizou-se o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP) - questionário padronizado. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que os participantes (52,9 por cento) levavam cerca de 30 minutos para dormir, com a média de 306,4 minutos dormidos, apresentavam sonolência diurna moderada (n=243, 45,9 por cento) e indisposição (n=402, 75,9 por cento) para desenvolver as atividades. Os escores (M e F) são semelhantes, no que se refere aos problemas que influenciam o sono. CONCLUSÃO: Existe a ocorrência de distúrbios do sono e má qualidade do sono na população estudada.

Sleep disorders and quality of life of harvesters rural labourers.

UNLABELLED: The various kinds of work may interfere in the laborer's quality of sleep. Among the factors, the unemployment caused by the period between the coffee harvests on the agriculture of South Minas may influence the appearance of anxiety and depression symptoms, and it may cause impairments to the quality of life and changes in the rural laborers' pattern of sleep. OBJECTIVE: To appraise the sleep and the effects on the quality of life in the rural laborers in the period between the coffee harvests. METHOD: In the study-group, 40 patients, rural laborers, were evaluated, and in the control-group, 40 patients, fixed laborers. Instruments used: clinical interview, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality, Index Beck Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life. RESULTS: The study-group showed impairment in the quality of the sleep; anxiety and depression signals and symptoms were high in both groups; being them higher in the harvesters laborers; the quality of life presented good levels in both groups, with losses in the domain "social relationship" between the harvesters; the sleep disturbances influenced the appearance of anxiety and depression signs and symptoms, but they did not interfere in the perception of the quality of life. CONCLUSION: The rural laborers that have fixed labors are less exposed to the symptoms of anxiety and depression - along with sleep disorders - than the harvesters laborers. Thus, the study-group's perception of the quality of life is better than the control-group's.

Sleep disorders and quality of life of harvesters rural labourers / Distúrbios do sono e qualidade de vida de trabalhadores rurais safristas

The various kinds of work may interfere in the laborer's quality of sleep. Among the factors, the unemployment caused by the period between the coffee harvests on the agriculture of South Minas may influence the appearance of anxiety and depression symptoms, and it may cause impairments to the quality of life and changes in the rural laborers' pattern of sleep. OBJECTIVE: To appraise the sleep and the effects on the quality of life in the rural laborers in the period between the coffee harvests. METHOD: In the study-group, 40 patients, rural laborers, were evaluated, and in the control-group, 40 patients, fixed laborers. Instruments used: clinical interview, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality, Index Beck Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life. RESULTS: The study-group showed impairment in the quality of the sleep; anxiety and depression signals and symptoms were high in both groups; being them higher in the harvesters laborers; the quality of life presented good levels in both groups, with losses in the domain "social relationship" between the harvesters; the sleep disturbances influenced the appearance of anxiety and depression signs and symptoms, but they did not interfere in the perception of the quality of life. CONCLUSION: The rural laborers that have fixed labors are less exposed to the symptoms of anxiety and depression - along with sleep disorders - than the harvesters laborers. Thus, the study-group's perception of the quality of life is better than the control-group's.

As diversas formas de trabalho podem interferir na qualidade do sono do trabalhador. Entre os fatores, o desemprego ocasionado pela entressafra da cultura cafeeira nas lavouras sul mineiras pode influenciar no surgimento de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão e causar prejuízos na qualidade de vida e alterações no padrão do sono dos trabalhadores rurais. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o sono e as repercussões na qualidade de vida em trabalhadores rurais na entressafra cafeeira. MÉTODO: No grupo-estudo foram avaliados 40 pacientes trabalhadores rurais e no grupo-controle 40 pacientes trabalhadores fixos. Instrumentos utilizados: entrevista clínica, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Beck anxiety Inventory, Hamilton depression rating Scale e World Health Organization Quality of Life. RESULTADOS: O grupo-estudo apresentou prejuízo na qualidade do sono; sinais e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão foram elevados nos dois grupos, sendo maior nos trabalhadores safristas; a qualidade de vida apresentou bons níveis nos dois grupos, havendo perdas no domínio "relações sociais" entre os safristas; os distúrbios do sono influenciaram no surgimento de sinais e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, mas não interferiram na percepção da qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: Trabalhadores rurais detentores de trabalho fixo estão menos expostos aos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão - acompanhados de distúrbios do sono - que os trabalhadores safristas. Assim, a percepção da qualidade de vida do grupo-estudo é melhor que a do grupo-controle.

Causas de insônia nos primeiros anos de vida e repercussão nas mães: atualização: [revisão] / Causes of insomnia in the first years of life and maternal consequences: an update: [review]

OBJETIVO: Revisar a literatura sobre insônia de crianças pequenas e seus aspectos relacionados às repercussões familiares, à abordagem pediátrica e ao seu tratamento. FONTES DE DADOS: Levantamento de publicações indexadas no Medline e Lilacs entre os anos de 1998 e 2008, rastreadas com a combinação dos descritores: "sleep", "insomnia", "child", "depression", "mother-child relationship", além de teses e capítulos de livros pertinentes ao assunto. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A insônia da criança pequena, definida como dificuldade repetida em iniciar e/ou manter o sono, é queixa frequente na clínica pediátrica e usualmente traz repercussões nos pais relativas à privação de sono. Aos dois a três meses de idade, há condições biológicas para consolidação das horas de sono à noite; estando a conduta parental associada às dificuldades neste processo. Estudos demonstram que há associação entre insônia do bebê e depressão nas mães, e a insônia pode ser manifestação de dificuldades no desenvolvimento psíquico da criança pequena, que acontece na relação com sua mãe. CONCLUSÕES: O ritmo de sono nos bebês pode e deve estabelecer-se precocemente; os hábitos para o sono devem basear-se nas medidas de higiene do sono. A depressão nas mães, que pode contribuir para a insônia do bebê, idealmente poderia ser detectada pelo pediatra, prevenindo esse comprometimento das mães e de seus bebês.

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on insomnia in small children, its aspects related to effects on parents, pediatric approach and treatment. DATA SOURCES: A survey of publications indexed in Medline and Lilacs between the years 1998 and 2008, searched through the combination of the descriptors "sleep", "insomnia", "child", "depression", "mother-child relationship", besides thesis and chapters of books concerning the subject. DATA SYNTHESIS: The small child insomnia, defined as repeated difficulty in initiating and/or maintaining sleep, is a common complaint in the pediatric clinic, and usually entails repercussions on parents related to sleep deprivation. At about two to three months of age, there are already biological conditions for consolidating sleep hours during the night. Parental behavior is associated to difficulties to establish this process. Studies point out that baby's insomnia and mother's depression are closely related. Probably, the insomnia is a sign of the difficulties in the small child's psychic development in the context of mother-child relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Rhythmic sleep in babies can and should be established early in life; sleep habits should be built on rules of sleep hygiene. Mother's depression, which may contribute to baby's insomnia, should ideally be detected by pediatricians, thus preventing such suffering for mothers and babies.

Psychological assessment in patients with phobic postural vertigo.

UNLABELLED: Phobic postural vertigo (PPV) is a frequent diagnosis which can be challenging to treat. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of psychiatric disturbances in patients with PPV; to assess the psychological status of patients using adaptive diagnosis; to verify possible correlations between severity of psychiatric disturbance and adaptive efficacy. METHOD: A total of nineteen subjects were assessed and two instruments applied: the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Questionnaire (PRIME-MD) and the Adaptive Operationalized Diagnostic Scale (AODS), and results from both tests were compared. RESULTS: Fourteen patients presented with mood disorder and thirteen with anxiety. All patients presented compromised adaptive efficacy. Correlation was found between overall outcome on the PRIME and the AODS (tau= -0.42, p=0.027), Separate analysis revealed correlation between results of the AODS and anxiety disorders (tau= -0.45, p=0.018) but not with mood disorders (tau= -0.36, p=0.054). CONCLUSION: Adaptive compromise was observed in individuals with PPV which was shown to be associated to psychiatric disorders.

Psychological assessment in patients with phobic postural vertigo / Avaliação psicológica em pacientes com vertigem postural fóbica

Phobic postural vertigo (PPV) is a frequent diagnosis which can be challenging to treat. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of psychiatric disturbances in patients with PPV; to assess the psychological status of patients using adaptive diagnosis; to verify possible correlations between severity of psychiatric disturbance and adaptive efficacy. METHOD: A total of nineteen subjects were assessed and two instruments applied: the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Questionnaire (PRIME-MD) and the Adaptive Operationalized Diagnostic Scale (AODS), and results from both tests were compared. RESULTS: Fourteen patients presented with mood disorder and thirteen with anxiety. All patients presented compromised adaptive efficacy. Correlation was found between overall outcome on the PRIME and the AODS (tau= -0.42, p=0.027), Separate analysis revealed correlation between results of the AODS and anxiety disorders (tau= -0.45, p=0.018) but not with mood disorders (tau= -0.36, p=0.054). CONCLUSION: Adaptive compromise was observed in individuals with PPV which was shown to be associated to psychiatric disorders.

A vertigem postural fóbica (VPF) é um diagnóstico freqüente e de tratamento difícil. OBJETIVO: Investigar a presença de distúrbios psiquiátricos em pacientes com VPF; avaliar as condições psicológicas dos pacientes através do diagnóstico adaptativo. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 19 sujeitos e aplicados dois instrumentos de avaliação: Questionário Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) e Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada (EDAO) e comparados os resultados de ambos os testes. RESULTADOS: Quatorze pacientes apresentaram transtorno de humor e treze de ansiedade. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados com adaptação ineficaz. Houve correlação entre o resultado geral do PRIME e da EDAO (tau= -0,42, p=0,027). Ao se analisar de maneira separada, foi observada correlação entre os resultados da EDAO e os transtornos de ansiedade (tau= -0,45, p=0,018), não havendo correlação com os transtornos de humor (tau= -0,36, p=0,054). CONCLUSÃO: Há prejuízo na qualidade adaptativa das pessoas que sofrem de VPF e este prejuízo está associado a transtornos psiquiátricos.

Sleep disorders in high school and pre-university students.

UNLABELLED: Adolescence is a period in which youngsters have to make choices such as applying for university. The selection process is competitive, and it brings distress and anxiety, risk factors for the appearance of sleep disorders. OBJECTIVE: To verify the occurrence of sleep disorders in third-year high school and pre-university students. METHOD: This cross-sectional descriptive study comprised a sample of 529 students (M=241, F=288) from three public schools, four private schools and two pre-university courses - a middle-class neighborhood in the city of São Paulo - aged between 16 and 19 years old. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) - a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: The participants (52.9%) took about 30 minutes to fall asleep, with an average of 306.4 minutes asleep, moderate daytime sleepiness (n=243, 45.9%) and indisposition (n=402, 75.9%) to develop the activities. The scores (M and F) were similar regarding problems that affect sleep. CONCLUSION: The investigated population showed sleep disorders and poor sleep quality.

Quality of life and sleep impairment in chronic cocaine dependents.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate quality of life (QL) and sleep quality impairment of cocaine chronic dependents in use of cocaine. METHOD: 40 patients, chronic cocaine dependents were evaluated (37 M; 3 F), with mean age of 28.92 years, along with 40 controls paired for gender and age. The following instruments were used: a) the semi-structured clinical interview; b) the Brazil Economic Classification; c) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; d) World Heath Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). RESULTS: The cocaine dependents showed QL impairment, with deficits in the physical, psychological and social relations domains. Impaired sleep quality was also observed in the cocaine dependents. However, the QL impairment was not directly due to sleep deficit. CONCLUSION: Chronic cocaine dependents showed impairment in QL and sleep impairment. However, for the cocaine dependent group, sleep impairment was not regarded as compromising QL probably because cocaine, rather than sleep, was the main factor negatively influencing QL.

Women living with HIV/AIDS: sleep impairment, anxiety and depression symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sleep impairment, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and associations with sleep characteristics of sleep in female HIV/AIDS patients. METHOD: 30 female patients with HIV/AIDS were evaluated along with 30 female controls with a mean age of 35.4 years in the study group and 33.1 years in the control group, with: a) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; b) the Beck Anxiety Inventory; c) the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS: Sleep quality was more impaired in AIDS patients than in those with HIV+ or in controls. The AIDS patients showed more symptoms of anxiety. There were associations of sleep impairment with anxiety in HIV+ patients; whereas in AIDS patients associations were found between sleep impairment and depression. CONCLUSION: There was sleep quality in the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression. In HIV+ patients, sleep impairment was associated with anxiety, while in AIDS patients sleep impairment was associated with depression.

Quality of life and sleep impairment in chronic cocaine dependents / Qualidade de vida e comprometimento do sono em dependentes crônicos de cocaína

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate quality of life (QL) and sleep quality impairment of cocaine chronic dependents in use of cocaine. METHOD: 40 patients, chronic cocaine dependents were evaluated (37 M; 3 F), with mean age of 28.92 years, along with 40 controls paired for gender and age. The following instruments were used: a) the semi-structured clinical interview; b) the Brazil Economic Classification; c) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; d) World Heath Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). RESULTS: The cocaine dependents showed QL impairment, with deficits in the physical, psychological and social relations domains. Impaired sleep quality was also observed in the cocaine dependents. However, the QL impairment was not directly due to sleep deficit. CONCLUSION: Chronic cocaine dependents showed impairment in QL and sleep impairment. However, for the cocaine dependent group, sleep impairment was not regarded as compromising QL probably because cocaine, rather than sleep, was the main factor negatively influencing QL.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) em dependentes de cocaína na fase de uso de droga e comprometimento da qualidade do sono. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 40 pacientes dependentes de cocaína (37 M; 3 F), com média de idade de 29,92 anos; e 40 controles, equiparando-se as variáveis de gênero e idade e utilizando-se os seguintes instrumentos: a) Entrevista clínica semi-dirigida; b) Classificação Econômica Brasil; c) Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh; d) World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-Breve). RESULTADOS: Os dependentes de cocaína apresentaram prejuízo na QV, com alterações nos domínios físico, psicológico e também das relações sociais. No grupo estudo não houve associação entre QV e qualidade do sono, ou seja, para os sujeitos desta amostra, a qualidade do sono não afetou a QV. CONCLUSÃO: No grupo estudo a QV foi considerada prejudicada, mas não devida de forma primordial ao comprometimento da qualidade do sono. Nestes pacientes a cocaína é provavelmente o fator primordial negativo sobre a QV e não o comprometimento do sono.

Women living with HIV/AIDS: sleep impairment, anxiety and depression symptoms / Mulheres portadoras de HIV/AIDS: características do sono, sintomas de ansiedade e depressão

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sleep impairment, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and associations with sleep characteristics of sleep in female HIV/AIDS patients. METHOD: 30 female patients with HIV/AIDS were evaluated along with 30 female controls with a mean age of 35.4 years in the study group and 33.1 years in the control group, with: a) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; b) the Beck Anxiety Inventory; c) the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS: Sleep quality was more impaired in AIDS patients than in those with HIV+ or in controls. The AIDS patients showed more symptoms of anxiety. There were associations of sleep impairment with anxiety in HIV+ patients; whereas in AIDS patients associations were found between sleep impairment and depression. CONCLUSION: There was sleep quality in the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression. In HIV+ patients, sleep impairment was associated with anxiety, while in AIDS patients sleep impairment was associated with depression.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o sono, verificar sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e associações com as características do sono de mulheres portadoras de HIV/AIDS. MÉTODO: Foram avaliadas 30 mulheres portadoras de HIV/AIDS e 30 controles com média de idade para o grupo estudo de 33,1 anos (p=0,320), utilizando-se os seguintes instrumentos: a) Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh; b) Inventário de Ansiedade Beck; c) Inventário de Depressão Beck. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que a qualidade do sono estava mais prejudicada nas doentes de AIDS em comparação com as soropositivas e o grupo controle. As doentes de AIDS apresentaram mais sintomas de ansiedade. Ocorreram associações do comprometimento do sono com sintomas de ansiedade nas mulheres soropositivas; e nas doentes de AIDS associações foram verificadas do sono e sintomas de depressão. CONCLUSÃO: Houve prejuízo na qualidade do sono, associada a presença de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Nas mulheres soropositivas o comprometimento do sono associou-se com a ansiedade e nas doentes de AIDS sono associou-se com a depressão.

Professor Antonio Branco Lefèvre: the forefather of child neurology in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To report on the life and works of Prof. Antonio Branco Lefèvre and the relevance that led him to be considered the Forefather of Child Neurology in Brazil. METHOD: The method utilized was the historical documents research; bibliographical. RESULTS: Antonio Branco Lefèvre (1916-1981) was born in São Paulo city; graduated in 1941 from the São Paulo Medical School. The date--1950--can be considered when Child Neurology took shape for a fully specialty, when Lefèvre presented his two internationally acclaimed thesis. Lefèvre was recognized as he founder of Child Neurology in Brazil since the early years of his brilliant academic activities. In 1967 achieved the title of professor in the Child Neurology Clinic. His numerous trainees and Residents--from -1950 to 1981--held today key positions in Brazilian Child Neurology. CONCLUSION: The extension and importance of the Child Neurology School of which he is the legitimate founder is recognized.