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1.
Clin Toxicol (Phila) ; 44 Suppl 1: 17-28, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16990190

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose study was conducted in healthy volunteers to evaluate the safety of the investigational cyanide antidote hydroxocobalamin. METHODS: Four ascending dosing groups received intravenous doses of 2.5, 5, 7.5 or 10 g hydroxocobalamin over 7.5 to 30 minutes at a constant infusion rate. Volunteers (n = 136) randomized 3:1 to receive hydroxocobalamin or placebo underwent a 4-day in-house observation after infusion on Day 1 and follow-up visits on Days 8, 15, and 28. RESULTS: The most common drug-related adverse events were asymptomatic and self-limiting chromaturia and reddening of the skin, which are attributed to the red color of hydroxocobalamin. Other adverse events included pustular/papular rash, headache, erythema at the injection site, decrease in lymphocyte percentage, nausea, pruritus, chest discomfort, and dysphagia. Hydroxocobalamin was associated with an increase in blood pressure in some volunteers. Blood pressure changes peaked toward the end of hydroxocobalamin infusion and typically returned to baseline levels by 4 hours postinfusion. Maximum mean changes from baseline in systolic blood pressure ranged from 22.6 to 27.0 mmHg across hydroxocobalamin doses compared with 0.2 to 6.7 mmHg in the corresponding placebo groups. Maximum mean change from baseline in diastolic blood pressure ranged from 14.3 to 25.4 mmHg across hydroxocobalamin doses compared with -3.0 to 3.8 mmHg in the corresponding placebo groups. Two allergic reactions that occurred within minutes after start of the 5- and 10-g hydroxocobalamin infusions were successfully managed with dexamethasone and/or dimethindene maleate. CONCLUSION: Timely intervention for acute cyanide poisoning could entail administration of an antidote in the prehospital setting based on a presumptive diagnosis. Results of this placebo-controlled study in healthy volunteers corroborate previous studies and French postmarketing experience in cyanide-exposed patients in suggesting that the safety profile of hydroxocobalamin is consistent with prehospital or hospital use.


Assuntos
Antídotos/efeitos adversos , Hidroxocobalamina/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Antídotos/administração & dosagem , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cianetos/intoxicação , Método Duplo-Cego , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Hidroxocobalamina/administração & dosagem , Infusões Intravenosas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pigmentos Biológicos/urina , Intoxicação/tratamento farmacológico , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos
2.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol ; 62(4): 277-84, 2006 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16525816

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The 5HT(1A) receptor agonist sarizotan is in clinical development for the treatment of dyskinesia, a potentially disabling complication in Parkinson's disease. We investigated the effect of sarizotan on the clinical pharmacokinetics of probe drugs for cytochrome P450 (CYP) to evaluate the risk of CYP-related drug-drug interactions. METHODS: This was a double-blind, randomised, two-period cross-over interaction study with repeated administration of 5 mg sarizotan HCl or placebo b.i.d. for 8 days in 18 healthy volunteers. On day 4, a single dose of 100 mg metoprolol (CYP2D6 probe) was administered. On day 8, single doses of 100 mg caffeine (CYP1A2 probe), 50 mg diclofenac (CYP2C9 probe), 100 mg mephenytoin (CYP2C19 probe) and 7.5 mg midazolam (CYP3A4 probe) were simultaneously applied. Pharmacokinetic parameters for probe drugs and their metabolites in plasma and urinary recovery were determined. RESULTS: Concentration-time profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters of all probes and their metabolites remained unchanged after co-administration of sarizotan, compared with placebo. Analysis of variance of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve for probe drugs/metabolites, metabolic ratios and urinary excretion resulted in 90% confidence intervals within the acceptance range (0.8-1.25), indicating the absence of drug-drug interactions. CONCLUSIONS: At a dose higher than that intended for clinical use (1 mg b.i.d.), sarizotan had no effect on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of specific probe drugs for CYP isoenzymes 1A2, 2C19, 2C9, 2D6 and 3A4. Pharmacokinetic interactions with co-administered drugs metabolised by these CYP isoforms are not expected, and dose adjustment of co-administered CYP substrates is not necessary.


Assuntos
Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/análise , Sondas Moleculares/farmacocinética , Adolescente , Adulto , Antiparkinsonianos/administração & dosagem , Antiparkinsonianos/farmacologia , Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/análise , Estudos Cross-Over , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A2 , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C19 , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9 , Citocromo P-450 CYP2D6/análise , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A , Método Duplo-Cego , Interações Medicamentosas , Humanos , Isoenzimas/análise , Masculino , Oxigenases de Função Mista/análise , Sondas Moleculares/administração & dosagem , Sondas Moleculares/metabolismo , Compostos Orgânicos/administração & dosagem , Compostos Orgânicos/farmacologia , Farmacocinética
3.
J Clin Pharmacol ; 45(7): 763-72, 2005 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15951466

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a single dose of NN414 (a selective SUR1/Kir6.2 potassium channel opener). Sixty-four healthy male subjects were enrolled at 8 dose levels (0.625-12.5 mg/kg or placebo). The study consisted of a baseline day and a dosing day. NN414 or placebo was administered in the evening about 10 pm. On both study days, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed following an overnight fast (corresponding to 9 hours postdose), and glucose, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone concentrations were determined. NN414 was well tolerated, with no clinically relevant changes in safety parameters, although there was an increase in gastrointestinal side effects. NN414 treatment lowered glucose during the OGTT and 24-hour insulin and glucose levels. In conclusion, a single dose of NN414 is associated with improvements in glucose-related parameters in healthy male subjects.


Assuntos
Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/farmacologia , Óxidos S-Cíclicos/farmacologia , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/efeitos dos fármacos , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Adulto , Glicemia , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/efeitos adversos , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/farmacocinética , Óxidos S-Cíclicos/efeitos adversos , Óxidos S-Cíclicos/farmacocinética , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Método Duplo-Cego , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreção de Insulina , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Masculino , Canais de Potássio/efeitos dos fármacos , Canais de Potássio/metabolismo , Canais de Potássio Corretores do Fluxo de Internalização/efeitos dos fármacos , Canais de Potássio Corretores do Fluxo de Internalização/metabolismo , Receptores de Droga/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Droga/metabolismo , Receptores de Sulfonilureias
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