The critical role of dysregulation of antioxidant activity and carbohydrate metabolism in celiac disease.

AIM: Identification of the important processes and the related genes that are dis-regulated in the celiac disease (CD) was the aim of this study. BACKGROUND: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder which is characterized by immune reaction response mostly to wheat gluten. The gluten-free diet is the best-known treatment of the patients. METHODS: Significant differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to the CD are extracted from a published proteomics study and are included in protein-protein interaction PPI) network analysis by Cytoscape software and its applications. The central proteins and related processes are identified and discussed. RESULTS: Among 53 queried genes, 51 individuals were recognized by the database, and after network construction, 48 ones included in the network, and three genes remained as isolated nodes. Following 50 neighbors, the network was analyzed, and eight central genes were identified as dis-regulated elements. Related processes and the role of the central genes in celiac are discussed in detail. CONCLUSION: CAT, ENO1, PCK2, ACO2, ALDOOB, GALM, ADA, and ACTBADA as critical genes and Antioxidant activity, carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, cell growth processes are highlighted as the dis-regulated individuals in CD.

Pharmaceutical Advances and Proteomics Researches.

Proteomics enables understanding the composition, structure, function and interactions of the entire protein complement of a cell, a tissue, or an organism under exactly defined conditions. Some factors such as stress or drug effects will change the protein pattern and cause the present or absence of a protein or gradual variation in abundances. The aim of this study is to explore relationship between proteomics application and drug discovery. "proteomics", "Application", and "pharmacology were the main keywords that were searched in PubMed (PubMed Central), Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The titles that were stablished by 2019, were studied and after study of the appreciated abstracts, the full texts of the 118 favor documents were extracted. Changes in the proteome provide a snapshot of the cell activities and physiological processes. Proteomics shows the observed protein changes to the causal effects and generate a complete three-dimensional map of the cell indicating their exact location. Proteomics is used in different biological fields and is applied in medicine, agriculture, food microbiology, industry, and pharmacy and drug discovery. Biomarker discovery, follow up of drug effect on the patients, and in vitro and in vivo proteomic investigation about the drug treated subjects implies close relationship between proteomics advances and application and drug discovery and development. This review overviews and summarizes the applications of proteomics especially in pharmacology and drug discovery.