Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma.

OBJECTIVES: To discuss the presentation, treatment, and aggressiveness of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma, and to address the differences of these lymphomas in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative individual. DATA SOURCES: Published review articles, clinical studies, and abstracts pertaining to HIV and AIDS-related lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS: Many believe that as the therapies and supportive care for HIV-positive individuals improve, the incidence of malignancy in this patient population will continue to increase. Great controversy exists surrounding the most effective therapies for AIDS-related lymphomas. These patients should be entered into clinical trials to test appropriate hypotheses and answer the remaining questions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: As the HIV epidemic continues and HIV-associated malignancies increase, the nurse must understand the co-morbidity associated with both diseases. Oncology nurses play many roles in caring for this patient population and their support and intervention contribute to the response of the patient.

Raynaud phenomenon in three patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related Kaposi sarcoma treated with bleomycin.

The authors report three cases of Raynaud phenomenon that developed during doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine (ABV) therapy for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Kaposi sarcoma. Although Raynaud phenomenon is well documented as a side effect of bleomycin, vinblastine, and cisplatin chemotherapy for germ cell neoplasms, it has not been widely documented in patients with AIDS.

HIV-related cachexia: potential mechanisms and treatment.

Involuntary weight loss or wasting indicative of severe protein energy malnutrition is a frequent complication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Malnutrition, with its associated adverse effects on immunocompetence, may contribute to the progression of AIDS itself. Since death from wasting is ultimately related to the magnitude of tissue depletion, restoration of body cell mass may enhance survival. The mechanism of weight loss in AIDS has not been clearly elucidated. The etiology is likely to be multifactorial, the result of interactions between decreased caloric intake, malabsorption, and alterations in energy expenditure secondary to hormonal and/or metabolic abnormalities. Although weight loss is occasionally reversible with treatment of underlying infections and/or easily identifiable and reversible causes, the majority of patients are not this fortunate. Enteral and parenteral nutrition, which are expensive, cumbersome, and potentially morbid, have been suggested by some as therapeutic options. Megestrol acetate, a synthetic, orally active progestational agent, has been reported to stimulate appetite and weight gain. Data regarding the use of megestrol acetate for the treatment of cachexia related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection demonstrate convincingly its effectiveness in treating many patients with HIV-related anorexia and cachexia.