[A prognostic model of cognitive impairment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus]. / Prognosticheskaya model' razvitiya kognitivnykh narushenii u patsientov s sakharnym diabetom 1-go tipa.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a model for the prognosis of cognitive impairment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus based on data from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and individuals without diabetes were examined (control group). All participants were evaluated for carbohydrate metabolism, underwent neuropsychological testing (MoCa test), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 program. The predictive model is calculated using discriminant analysis. RESULTS: Based on the data of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a predictive model for the development of cognitive impairment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus was obtained using discriminant analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The method for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment allows predicting the development of cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes in the early stages and can be used in clinical practice to assess the effectiveness of preventive therapy for cognitive impairment.

[Rare genetic markers of cognitive impairment in diabetes mellitus]. / Redkie geneticheskie markery kognitivnykh narushenii pri sakharnom diabete.

The study of potential mechanisms of cognitive impairments associated with gene expression in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming increasingly important due to the increase in the prevalence of dementia in this category of patients. DM is associated with the alteration of neurogenesis, and the variability of glycemia causes the changes in plasma and mitochondria, promotes the formation of free radicals, oxidative stress, activation of apoptosis of neurons, circulation of proinflammatory agents and other pathological factors. The association between diabetes and cognitive impairment is largely mediated by both neurodegeneration markers and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the literature presents conflicting results on the risk and frequency of cognitive impairment in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. This is probably explained by limitations and variations of the studies, but also by the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to the development of cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes. This review describes rare genetic markers of cognitive disorders in type 1 and type 2 diabetes as well as their relationship with various parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and clinical manifestations of cognitive disorders.

[Markers for cognitive impairments and variability of glycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus]. / Markery kognitivnykh narushenii i variabel'nost' glikemii u patsientov s sakharnym diabetom 1-go tipa.

AIM: To analyze the relationship between the markers of cognitive impairment and the variability of glycaemia in patients with DM type 1. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with DM type 1 and people without DM (the control group) were examined. Neuropsychological testing (MoCA-test), brain MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain, as well as parameters of carbohydrate metabolism (fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and glycemic variability coefficients) were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Data on the decrease in the overall performance of the MoCA-test (in particular, on assignments to memory and attention domains), atrophic changes in the cerebral cortex and violations of the content of the main metabolites of brain cells in patients with DM type 1 in comparison with the control group were obtained. A number of positive and negative correlations between these disorders and coefficients of glycemic variability were found in patients with DM type 1. The results suggest a significant negative effect of high levels of glycaemia variability on cognitive functions in patients with DM type 1.