RESUMO
Nine adult Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) previously rescued from illegal bile farming in Vietnam were examined via abdominal ultrasound and exploratory laparoscopy for liver and gall bladder pathology. Three bears demonstrated notable gall bladder pathology, and minimally invasive cholecystectomies were performed using an open laparoscopic access approach, standard 10 to 12 mmHg carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and a four-port technique. A single bear required insertion of an additional 5 mm port and use of a flexible liver retractor due to the presence of extensive adhesions between the gall bladder and quadrate and left and right medial liver lobes. The cystic duct was dissected free and this and the cystic artery were ligated by means of extracorporeal tied Meltzer knot sutures. The gall bladder was dissected free of the liver by blunt and sharp dissection, aided by 3.8 MHz monopolar radiosurgery. Bears that have had open abdominal cholecystectomies are reported as taking four to six weeks before a return to normal activity postoperatively. In contrast, these bears demonstrated rapid unremarkable healing, and were allowed unrestricted access to outside enclosures to climb trees, swim and interact normally with other bears within seven days of surgery.
Assuntos
Bile/química , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/veterinária , Vesícula Biliar/lesões , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Ursidae/cirurgia , Animais , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/efeitos adversos , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/métodos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/veterinária , VietnãRESUMO
The translucence of all-porcelain restorative materials very closely resembles that of natural teeth, thereby enabling the nearest possible emulation of natural teeth. Because of this quality and the suitability for bonding, all-porcelain has become the choice material for anterior jackets, three quarters, and veneers. In this article, the author uses actual cases to substantiate and illustrate her evaluation.
Assuntos
Coroas , Porcelana Dentária , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Facetas Dentárias , Estética Dentária , Humanos , IncisivoRESUMO
In the case of class-V gold foil restorations prepared below the gingival sulcus in beagle dogs after elevation of a flap, chronic inflammatory changes were observed after 3 weeks in the adjacent epithelium and connective tissue of the gingiva with the presence of dental plaque between the gold restorations and sulcular epithelium. However no inflammation was observed in the junctional epithelium and the subjacent connective tissue 3 weeks after implantation of a gold strip burnished and bounded to the root surface after elevation of a flap. The cell membranes of the superficial epithelial cells were either directly applied to the gold surface or were separated from the latter by an extracellular space about 200 to 500 A in width. No hemidesmosomes were seen. The different responses noted in the two experiments are related to the presence or absence of dental plaque and probably to the surface difference of the gold restorations.
