Detección de personas en riesgo de padecer diabetes en la farmacia comunitaria con el test de Findrisc en los años 2014-2021 / Detection of people at risk of diabetes in the community pharmacy with the Findrisc test in the years 2014-2021

Objetivo: analizar los resultados de las campañas de SEFAC de cribado del riesgo de padecer diabetes, realizados en las farmacias comunitarias españolas desde 2014. Métodos: estudio descriptivo acumulativo de los resultados de las campañas del Día Mundial de la Diabetes, en 2014, 2016-2018, 2020 y 2021. Pacientes: usuarios ≥18 años no diagnosticados de diabetes con consentimiento firmado. Variables: puntuación del test de Findrisc, media (m) y desviación estándar (DE) y participantes en intervalos de riesgo, n (%). Variables demográficas (sexo, edad) y antropométricas, índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2), perímetro de cintura (cm), glucemia capilar m (DE) (mg/dl). Resultados: participaron 1.146 farmacéuticos, 12402 usuarios. 8.799 (70,9 %) tenían IMC ≥25 kg/m2. 7366 (59,4 %) tomaban antihipertensivos. 6047 (48,8 %) con perímetro abdominal excesivo. 5962 (48,0 %) tenían antecedentes familiares de diabetes. El riesgo medio (puntuación Findrisc) fue de 11,3 (4,6), sin diferencias entre sexos (p>0,05). El número de participantes con riesgo alto/muy alto (F≥15) fue 3107 (25,0 %) sin diferencias entre sexos (p>0,05). El riesgo alto/muy alto aumenta con la edad, de 282 (15,1 %) personas de 45-54 años hasta 1695 (40,1 %) personas >64 años. Se derivaron al médico 1762 (14,2 %), sin datos de resultado. Tiempo medio de entrevista: 10,3 (5,3) minutos, sin diferencias entre sexos (p>0,05). Conclusiones: la cuarta parte de los encuestados tenían riesgo alto/muy alto y fueron derivados al médico uno de cada siete. Los factores de riesgo más prevalentes fueron IMC, hipertensión arterial, perímetro abdominal y antecedentes familiares de diabetes. Debe mejorarse la comunicación interprofesional, pues no se obtuvo resultado de las derivaciones al médico. (AU)

Aim: To analyze diabetes risk screening using the Findrisc questionnaire, performed in Spanish community pharmacies (CP) since 2014. Methods: Cumulative descriptive study of the results of the World Diabetes Day campaigns, in 2014, 2016-2018, 2020 and 2021. Subjects: users ≥18 years not diagnosed with diabetes with signed consent. Variables: Findrisc test score m (SD) and participants in risk intervals, n (%). Demographic (sex, age) and anthropometric variables, body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), capillary glycemia m (SD) (mg/dl). Results: 1146 pharmacists, 12402 users. 8799 (70.9 %) had BMI ≥25 Kg/m2. 7366 (59.4 %) were taking antihypertensive drugs. 6047 (48.8 %) with unhealthy abdominal perimeter. 5962 (48.0 %) had a family history of diabetes. The mean risk (F score) was 11.3 (4.6), with no differences between sexes (p<0.05). The number of participants with high/very high risk (F≥15) was 3107 (25.0%) with no differences between sexes (p<0.05). High/very high risk increased with age, from 282 (15.1%) persons aged 45-54 years to 1695 (40.1%) persons >64 years. A total of 1762 (14.2% of the total) were referred to a physician.Mean interview time: 10.3 (5.3) minutes, with no differences between sexes (p<0.05). Conclusions: One quarter of the respondents were at high/very high risk and one in seven were referred to a physician. The most prevalent risk factors were BMI, hypertension, abdominal circumference and family history of diabetes. Interprofessional communication should be improved, as no results were obtained from referrals to the physician. (AU)

Comprende el medicamento/descubre al farmacéutico. Resultados preliminares 2021 y 2022. Diferencias entre cursos / Understand the medicine/discover the pharmacist. Preliminary results 2021 and 2022. Differences between courses

Introducción. En 2020 el estudio CONÓCEME: Impacto de intervenciones educativas en el uso adecuado del medicamento por farmacéuticos comunitarios (FC) en estudiantes de bachiller, concluye que las intervenciones educativas (IE) fueron efectivas y viables para mejorar el conocimiento general del uso adecuado del medicamento en estudiantes. En 2021 el proyecto CONÓCEME: comprende el medicamento/descubre al farmacéutico, va dirigido también a estudiantes de 4º o 3º Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) con el fin de llegar a todos los adolescentes.Objetivos. Evaluar la diferencia de aprendizaje de las nociones básicas del uso adecuado del medicamento entre estudiantes de 1º bachillerato, 4º y 3º ESO. _Impartir las IE como una actividad complementaria en el programa educativo para inculcar buenos hábitos desde la adolescencia con la finalidad de conseguir un uso responsable del medicamento a medio y largo plazo. _Evaluar el grado de satisfacción con la actividad de los estudiantes y personal docente.Material y métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal, prospectivo, multicéntrico, realizado en 23 provincias de España durante 2021/2022. La actividad educativa fue impartida por uno o dos FC en dos sesiones. Después de cada IE, de forma anónima los estudiantes resolvieron cinco ejercicios en la plataforma del proyecto. En la segunda además rellenaron una encuesta de satisfacción. Para completar la actividad se envió al centro el ebook “Guía práctica para el uso adecuado de los medicamentos” para su difusión entre alumnos y profesores. Además, se envió una encuesta anónima de satisfacción al personal docente. (AU)

Straightforward protocol for allele-specific chromatin conformation capture.

A key advance in our understanding of gene regulation came with the finding that the genome undergoes three-dimensional nuclear folding in a genetically determined process. This 3D conformation directly influences the association between enhancers and their target promoters. This complex interplay has been proven to be essential for gene regulation, and genetic variants affecting this process have been associated to human diseases. The development of new technologies that quantify these DNA interactions represented a revolution in the field. High throughput techniques like HiC provide a general picture of chromatin topology. However, they often lack resolution to evidence subtle effects that single nucleotide polymorphisms exert over the contacts between cis-regulatory regions and target promoters. Here we propose a cost-efficient approach to perform allele-specific chromatin conformation analysis. As a proof of concept, we analyzed the impact of a common deletion mapping between SIRPB1 promoter and one of its downstream enhancers.

De novo assembly of the Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) brain and muscle transcriptome: transcript annotation, tissue differential expression profile and SNP discovery.

OBJECTIVES: The Brown trout is a salmonid species with a high commercial value in Europe. Life history and spawning behaviour include resident (Salmo trutta m. fario) and migratory (Salmo trutta m. trutta) ecotypes. The main objective is to apply RNA-seq technology in order to obtain a reference transcriptome of two key tissues, brain and muscle, of the riverine trout Salmo trutta m. fario. Having a reference transcriptome of the resident form will complement genomic resources of salmonid species. DATA DESCRIPTION: We generate two cDNA libraries from pooled RNA samples, isolated from muscle and brain tissues of adult individuals of Salmo trutta m. fario, which were sequenced by Illumina technology. Raw reads were subjected to de-novo transcriptome assembly using Trinity, and coding regions were predicted by TransDecoder. A final set of 35,049 non-redundant ORF unigenes were annotated. Tissue differential expression analysis was evaluated by Cuffdiff. A False Discovery Rate (FDR) ≤ 0.01 was considered for significant differential expression, allowing to identify key differentially expressed unigenes. Finally, we have identified SNP variants that will be useful tools for population genomic studies.

Evaluación de un programa de intervención motivacional de actividad física en el tratamiento de la obesidad y el sobrepeso / Evaluation of a motivational intervention of physical activity program in the treatment of obesity and overweight

Objetivo: Analizar la evolución de un programa de actividad física motivada para el tratamiento de la obesidad. Método: Estudio casos-control longitudinal, aleatorizado y controlado, con 2 brazos, 12 meses de seguimiento y una ratio de asignación 1:1. La recogida de datos se hizo entre julio del 2017 y julio del 2018. Los pacientes, mujeres y varones, debían haber sido derivados por sus médicos de empresa con el diagnóstico de sobrepeso u obesidad y una edad entre 20 y 65 años. Se analizan parámetros antropométricos, lipídicos y de seguimiento del programa. Resultados: Han participado 123 pacientes obesos o con sobrepeso (61 en el grupo de intervención [G1] y 62 en el grupo control usual care [G2]), 107 de los cuales han finalizado el estudio (60 en G1 y 47 en G2). Edad media: 45,55±12,83 DE. Sexo: 57,2% mujeres y 42,8% hombres. El seguimiento de los pacientes en el programa es muy superior al grupo control y los abandonos son no significativos (solo hubo uno). Se puede observar que tanto el peso como el índice de masa corporal como los principales parámetros lipídicos se reducen en el grupo de estudio de forma significativa con respecto al grupo control. La actividad física del grupo con intervención de programa de actividad física motivada es 3 veces superior al grupo sin intervención. Se aprecia una relación significativa entre el aumento de la actividad y la reducción de peso (p < 0,001), y también entre esta y la reducción de colesterol y triglicéridos. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio, un programa de motivación para la actividad física resulta tener más seguimiento y por tanto mejora los parámetros antropométricos y lipídicos

Objective: To analyse the outcomes of a motivational physical activity program for the treatment of obesity. Method: A randomised, controlled, double blind clinical trial with 2 arms, 12 months of follow-up and a 1:1 allocation ratio. The data was collected between July 2017 and July 2018. The patients, of both genders, had to be referred by their occupational medicine doctors with the diagnosis of overweight or obesity and be aged between 20 and 65 years. An analysis was made of the anthropometric measurements, lipid parameters, as well as on the follow-up of the program. Results: A total of 123 obese or overweight patients participated. Two groups were formed; 61 in intervention group [G1] and 62 in as usual care control group [G2]). As regards the 107 that finished the study (60 in G1 and 47 in G2), the mean age was 45.55±12.83 SD, with 57.2% women and 42.8% men. The number of patients followed-up was much higher in the Physical Activity Program than in the control group, and the number of dropouts (only one) was insignificant. It can be seen how both the weight and the body mass index as the main lipid parameters are reduced in the study group significantly with respect to the control group. The physical activity of the group in the motivated physical activity program is three times higher than in the group without intervention. There was a significant relationship between the increase in activity and weight reduction (P<.001), also between the reduction in weight and the reduction in cholesterol and triglycerides. Conclusions: In our study, a motivational physical activity program leads to more follow-up and therefore improves the anthropometric and lipid parameters

[Evaluation of a motivational intervention of physical activity program in the treatment of obesity and overweight]. / Evaluación de un programa de intervención motivacional de actividad física en el tratamiento de la obesidad y el sobrepeso.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the outcomes of a motivational physical activity program for the treatment of obesity. METHOD: A randomised, controlled, double blind clinical trial with 2 arms, 12 months of follow-up and a 1:1 allocation ratio. The data was collected between July 2017 and July 2018. The patients, of both genders, had to be referred by their occupational medicine doctors with the diagnosis of overweight or obesity and be aged between 20 and 65 years. An analysis was made of the anthropometric measurements, lipid parameters, as well as on the follow-up of the program. RESULTS: A total of 123 obese or overweight patients participated. Two groups were formed; 61 in intervention group [G1] and 62 in as usual care control group [G2]). As regards the 107 that finished the study (60 in G1 and 47 in G2), the mean age was 45.55±12.83 SD, with 57.2% women and 42.8% men. The number of patients followed-up was much higher in the Physical Activity Program than in the control group, and the number of dropouts (only one) was insignificant. It can be seen how both the weight and the body mass index as the main lipid parameters are reduced in the study group significantly with respect to the control group. The physical activity of the group in the motivated physical activity program is three times higher than in the group without intervention. There was a significant relationship between the increase in activity and weight reduction (P<.001), also between the reduction in weight and the reduction in cholesterol and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, a motivational physical activity program leads to more follow-up and therefore improves the anthropometric and lipid parameters.

Effectiveness of the Medtep Hemophilia online platform for adherence to prophylactic treatment in haemophilia patients: Results from a 1-year observational study.

INTRODUCTION: Medtep Hemophilia platform is an online tool that allows patients with congenital coagulopathies to keep track of their daily condition-related events with the objective of ensuring successful adherence to therapy. AIM: To assess the effectiveness of Medtep Hemophilia in improving adherence to prophylactic treatment in haemophilia A and B patients in a 1-year prospective observational study, as well as its impact on the patient's disease status. METHODS: Patients (>13 years old) received support material to familiarize themselves with Medtep Hemophilia. Adherence to treatment, quality of life (QoL) and illness perception were assessed. Values at baseline, 1, 6 and 12 months, and changes from baseline value were analysed. The Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) test was applied at baseline and study completion. RESULTS: Forty-six patients were enrolled (43 evaluable). After 1 year, 56.4% patients showed continued use of the platform (100% compliance) whereas 25.6% were inactive. Treatment adherence increased both significantly (P < .001) and progressively during the study. Similarly, improved QoL and illness perception were observed with respect to baseline in most of the questionnaire components (P < .05 after 12 months). A patient's age had no influence on the results, whereas compliant patients (>80% of platform use) tended to score better than noncompliant. The HJHS test values remained similar during the study. CONCLUSION: The Medtep Hemophilia online platform helped the studied patients with haemophilia to improve their adherence to prophylactic treatment, while increasing their QoL and illness perception, as well as joint arthropathies stabilization.

[Analysis of clinical relevance applied to 3methods of reducing weight in overweight or obesity followed-up for one year]. / Análisis de relevancia clínica aplicado a 3métodos de reducción de peso en pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad seguidos durante un año.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the effect of the use/implementation of 3methods to reduce weight in overweight or obese patients during one year of follow up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The design corresponds to a double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial with 3arms, and 12 months of follow-up. Patients were randomised into 3intervention groups: obesity motivational intervention, with a nurse previously trained in motivational intervention by expert psychologists (G1; n=60); lower intensity consultation, non-motivational group, with digital platform support (G2; N=61), and a third group that received recommendations for weight loss and follow-up in Primary Care Clinic (G3; n=59). Anthropometric variables (weight, height, and abdominal-waist circumference) were measured, and the percentage of patients who managed to reduce their weight ≥5% was considered as the main measurement of treatment effectiveness. RESULTS: All groups significantly decreased body weight at the end of the study, with a reduction in G1 (-5.6kg) followed by G2 (-4.3kg), and G3 (-1.7kg), with an overall mean: -3.9kg. The indicators of clinical relevance were in G1/G3: relative risk (RR): 4.99 (95% CI: from 2.71 to 9.18); relative risk reduction (RRR): 399.1% (171.3 to 818.0); Absolute risk reduction (RAR): 65.3% (from 51.5 to 79.1) and NNT: 2 (from 2 to 2). In the G2/G3 groups: RR: 3.01 (from 1.57 to 5.76); RRR: 200.5% (from 57.0 to 475.5); RAR: 32.8% (from 16.9 to 48.7) and NNT: 4 (from 3 to 6). In the G1/G2 groups: RR: 1.66 (from 1.25 to 2.20); RRR: 66.1% (from 25.3 to 120.1); RAR: 32.5% (from 16.6 to 48.4) and NNT: 4 (from 3 to 7). CONCLUSIONS: All 3groups were able to reduce weight. Although the group with motivational intervention achieved the greatest decrease, as well as the most favourable clinical relevance indicators.

The rs2108622 polymorphism is related to the early risk of ischemic stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation subjects under oral anticoagulation.

Oral anticoagulant treatments, such as vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), are the main treatments administered to atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in order to prevent ischemic stroke (IS). However, the genes involved in the VKA metabolism can undergo variations in a single nucleotide (SNP). These SNPs may then affect the VKA target enzyme (VKORC1), VKA degradation enzyme (CYP2C9), and vitamin K bioavailability enzyme (CYP4F2). We genotyped these SNPs in a cohort of patients with non-valvular AF who were under VKA treatment after suffering an IS. Clinical variables, CHADS2-VASC score and data about the international normalized ratio (INR) within the therapeutic range were all recorded. DNA was extracted from blood and genotyping was carried out by DNA sequencing. The main endpoint was the time from VKA onset to IS. Of a total of 356 consecutive IS patients monitored, 33 were included in the study. The median time to the event was 2248.0 days (interquartile range [IQR] 896.3-3545.3). The median CHADS2-VASC score was 4.0 (IQR 3.0-6.0). When we considered the risk of IS within 2 years under VKA treatment, we found that only the rs2108622 AA genotype was significantly associated with this endpoint (early IS) (hazard ratio 6.81, 95% CI 1.37-33.92, p = 0.019). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis also showed a significant relationship between early IS and rs2108622 AA genotype (Log rank p = 0.022). The CYP4F2 gene rs2108622 polymorphism was associated with a risk of early IS in NV-AF patients under VKA treatment.

Optical contrast of 2D InSe on SiO2/Si and transparent substrates using bandpass filters.

The particular optical and electronic properties recently reported for 2D InSe depict this 2D material as being very versatile for future electronic and optoelectronic devices with tunable and optimized functionalities. For its fundamental study and the development of practical applications, rapid and accurate identification methods of atomically thin InSe are essential. Here, we demonstrate an enhancement of the optical contrast between InSe nanosheets and the underlying SiO2/Si substrate by illuminating with a 40 nm wide bandpass filter centered at 500 nm. Moreover, we study the optical contrast of 2D InSe on transparent substrates. Our results suggest that a good optical contrast is achieved for transparent substrates with low real refractive indices such as LiF or a viscoelastic polydimethylsiloxane stamp. In this case, an optimum optical contrast would be achieved by using a bandpass filter centered at 450 nm. These results can be very useful for speeding up the continuously growing research on 2D InSe and its applications.

Oxytocin Neurones: Intrinsic Mechanisms Governing the Regularity of Spiking Activity.

Oxytocin neurones of the rat supraoptic nucleus are osmoresponsive and, with all other things being equal, they fire at a mean rate that is proportional to the plasma sodium concentration. However, individual spike times are governed by highly stochastic events, namely the random occurrences of excitatory synaptic inputs, the probability of which is increased by increasing extracellular osmotic pressure. Accordingly, interspike intervals (ISIs) are very irregular. In the present study, we show, by statistical analyses of firing patterns in oxytocin neurones, that the mean firing rate as measured in bins of a few seconds is more regular than expected from the variability of ISIs. This is consistent with an intrinsic activity-dependent negative-feedback mechanism. To test this, we compared observed neuronal firing patterns with firing patterns generated by a leaky integrate-and-fire model neurone, modified to exhibit activity-dependent mechanisms known to be present in oxytocin neurones. The presence of a prolonged afterhyperpolarisation (AHP) was critical for the ability to mimic the observed regularisation of mean firing rate, although we also had to add a depolarising afterpotential (DAP; sometimes called an afterdepolarisation) to the model to match the observed ISI distributions. We tested this model by comparing its behaviour with the behaviour of oxytocin neurones exposed to apamin, a blocker of the medium AHP. Good fits indicate that the medium AHP actively contributes to the firing patterns of oxytocin neurones during non-bursting activity, and that oxytocin neurones generally express a DAP, even though this is usually masked by superposition of a larger AHP.

The effectiveness of a program of physical activity and diet to modify cardiovascular risk factors in patients with severe mental illness after 3-month follow-up: CAPiCOR randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this randomized clinical trial follow-up at three months was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention with a focus on diet and physical activity (PA) to change the amount of PA, body mass index (BMI) and the waist circumference (WC) in patients with severe mental illness. METHODS: We recruited 332 outpatients with severe mental disorders undergoing treatment with antipsychotic medication from Mental Healthcare Centers of Barcelona. They were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. The patients in the intervention group participated in a group PA and diet educational program. The blinded measurements at 0 and 3 months were: the level of PA (IPAQ questionnaire), BMI, WC, blood pressure, dietary habits (PREDIMED questionnaire), quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire) and laboratory parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose). RESULTS: The average age was 46.7 years and 55% were males. Schizophrenia had been diagnosed in 67.1% of them. At 3 months, the average weekly walking METs rose significantly in the IG 266.05 METs (95%CI: 16.86 to 515.25; P=0.036). The total MET average also rose although not significantly: 191.38 METs (95%CI: 1.38 to 381.38; P=0.086). However, the BMI decreased significantly more in the CG, by 0.26kg/m(2) (95%CI: 0.02 to 0.51; P=0.038), than in the IG. There were no significant differences in the WC. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term results suggest that the intervention increases the level of PA, but does not improve physical or laboratory parameters. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01729650 (effectiveness of a physical activity and diet program in patients with psychotic disorder [CAPiCOR]).

SIRPB1 copy-number polymorphism as candidate quantitative trait locus for impulsive-disinhibited personality.

Impulsive-disinhibited personality (IDP) is a behavioral trait mainly characterized by seeking immediate gratification at the expense of more enduring or long-term gains. This trait has a major role in the development of several disinhibitory behaviors and syndromes, including psychopathy, attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder, cluster-B personality disorders, criminality and alcoholism. Available data consistently support a strong heritable component, accounting for 30-60% of the observed variance in personality traits. A genome-wide analysis of copy-number variants was designed to identify novel genetic pathways associated with the IDP trait, using a series of 261 male participants with maximized opposite IDP scores. Quantitative trait locus analysis of candidate copy-number variants (CNVs) was conducted across the entire IDP continuum. Functional effects of associated variants were evaluated in zebrafish embryos. A common CNV mapping to the immune-related gene SIRPB1 was significantly associated with IDP scores in a dose-dependent manner (ß=-0.172, P<0.017). Expression quantitative trait locus analysis of the critical region revealed higher SIRPB1 mRNA levels associated with the haplotype containing the deleted allele (P<0.0007). Epigenetic marks highlighted the presence of two potential insulators within the deleted region, confirmed by functional assays in zebrafish embryos, which suggests that SIRPB1 expression rates are affected by the presence/absence of the insulator regions. Upregulation of SIRPB1 has been described in prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia, providing a link between SIRPB1 and diseases involving disinhibition and failure to control impulsivity. We propose SIRPB1 as a novel candidate gene to account for phenotypic differences observed in the IDP trait.

Influence of the pH on the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide under hydrothermal conditions.

Here we describe the important role played by the pH on the morphology and structure of the reduced graphite oxide (rGO) samples obtained by hydrothermal treatment of the previously prepared GO. The nature of the resulting samples has been studied on the basis of a complete battery of experimental techniques.

Nutrición e inversión en salud: microbioma y probióticos (los probióticos en la prevención y el tratamiento de enfermedades pediátricas; evidencias científicas) / Nutrition and investment: microbiome and probiotics (probiotics in prevention and treatment of pediatric conditions; scientific evidence)

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