Analysis of the Pharmacokinetics of Suppository Forms of Bacteriophages.

Pharmacokinetics of suppository forms of bacteriophages was studied on male Chinchilla rabbits. Suppositories with various composition of bacteriophages were administered once per rectum to rabbits, and the presence of phage particles was estimated in the blood, urine, and feces over 24 h. Pharmacokinetic study showed that the phages were detected in the blood, urine, and feces at various terms of the experiment irrespective of the size of viral particles, which confirmed the possibility of their systemic effects after rectal administration. Thus, the use of suppository form of bacteriophages can ensure the presence of phage particles even in infection foci that cannot directly contact with the preparation.

[Molecular-genetic and phylogenetic characteristic of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with meningitis and carriers].

AIM: Analyze genetic and phylogenetic interrelations between S. pneumoniae strains isolated from meningitis patients and carriers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 23 S. pneumoniae isolates (9 from bacterial meningitis patients, 9 from nasopharynx of bacterial carriers, 5 strains from museum collection of Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology) were studied. S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619, S. mitis ATCC 49456 served as control strains. S. pneumoniae serotype determination was carried out in latex-agglutination reaction and quelling reaction. Multiplex PCR according to WHO protocols was used for molecular-genetic study and pneumolysin (ply), autolysin (lytA), surface cellular adhesin A (psaA) and capsule polysaccharide (cpsA) gene determination. Multilocus sequence-typing was carried out according to WHO scheme for 7 "housekeeping" segments--aroE, gdh, gki, recP, spi, xpt and ddl. Computer programs from available internet resources were used for data processing and dendrogram building. RESULTS; The S. pneumoniae isolates analyzed were established to belong to 19 sequence types that may be combined into 4 subclusters. Results of molecular-genetic and serologic typing were completely comparable. CONCLUSION: Attribution of isolates from the same serotype and serogroup to different sequence-types gives evidence on the ongoing changes within serotype and as a result changes in allele profile of circulating S. pneumoniae isolates. Membership of isolates in separate subclusters gives evidence on close evolution relationship between isolates obtained from patients with bacterial meningitis and carriers. Certain isolates had not previously been registered in Russia and were probably imported from the territories of other countries.