RESUMO
Prison populations are growing in Western countries. Imprisoned people usually have a poor health status and an increased risk to suffer chronic debilitating conditions as coinfection with the HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or opioid dependency. We studied the effects of a 4-month concurrent cardiorespiratory and resistance training program on the cardiorespiratory fitness, lower and upper body dynamic strength endurance (6-RM test for bench press and knee-extensor exercise, respectively), muscle mass and quality of life (QOL) of adult prison inmates who are HIV/HVC co-infected and enrolled in a methadone maintenance program (n = 9; mean [SD] age: 37 [3] yrs). We also evaluated a control group (n = 10; 37 [2] yrs). A significant combined effect of group and time was found for peak completed workload (W) (p < 0.01), peak heart rate (HR (peak)) (p < 0.05) and rate of HR decrease at 1-min postexercise compared to HR (peak) (p < 0.05), respectively, in a gradual cycle ergometer test. A significant combined effect of group and time was also found for both bench press and knee-extensor 6-RM tests, respectively (p < 0.05). Supervised exercise training can improve the overall physical fitness of incarcerated people. Our results suggest that this type of intervention could be applied in prisons of Western societies.
Assuntos
Educação Física e Treinamento , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Prisioneiros , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto , Composição Corporal , Soropositividade para HIV , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Método Simples-Cego , Espanha , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We describe here a six-year-long project during which groups of radiologists belonging to various hospitals in Extremadura (one of Spain's regions) shared their clinical experience over the Internet in a process of continuing medical education. We designed a set of tools based on the most familiar Internet protocols (the WWW and e-mail) that make computer-mediated communication very straightforward. Periodically, each group put forward a clinical case of interest, presenting it on a Web page. The other participating groups discussed the case (in real or deferred time), describing the radiological findings, proposing a differential diagnosis, and making suggestions concerning the case. The clinical case was subsequently resolved by the proposing group on the basis of definitive diagnostic tests, and posted for public access on the Internet as a teaching file to form part of a cases-of-interest archive. As of present, more than 65 cases have been presented and discussed, and 55 posted as teaching files. At about halfway through the project, the participants were asked to respond to a questionnaire. In their responses, they indicated a high degree of acceptance of the system, finding no special difficulties in the use of the tools. They also reported having incorporated some of the procedures (consultation of clinical cases on Internet, access to information specifically targeted at radiologists, consulting specialist literature, etc.) into their work habits.
Assuntos
Comportamento Cooperativo , Internet , Radiologia , Telecomunicações , Educação Médica Continuada , Humanos , Disseminação de Informação , Espanha , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Se evalúa el efecto sobre la presión arterial (PA) de un programa que combina estrategias educativas orientadas a la mejora de hábitos de vida y técnicas cognitivo-conductuales para reducir el estrés y aumentar el cumplimiento terapéutico en hipertensos. Participaron 80 pacientes, divididos en grupo-intervención y grupo-control, de la Unidad de Hipertensión del Hospital 12-de-Octubre (Madrid). Se evaluó el efecto del programa completo y del módulo de control de estrés sobre PA y otros parámetros: conocimiento de la enfermedad, cumplimiento farmacológico y dietético, niveles de ansiedad y estrés y calidad de vida. Los resultados muestran un mejor control de PA al final de la intervención así como mejoras en el seguimiento del tratamiento higiénico-dietético. Aparecen descensos en el nivel de estrés y ansiedad y un aumento de conocimientos de la enfermedad. No se encuentran mejoras, sin embargo, en adhesión a la práctica de ejercicio físico, ni modificaciones en calidad de vida
The effect of blood pressure (BP) levels on a program which combines educative actions in order to improve health behaviors related to hypertension, and cognitive-behavioral techniques for reducing stress and enhancing treatment compliance of hypertension patients is evaluated. 80 patients from the Hypertension Unit of the 12-de-Octubre Hospital (Madrid) divided into two groups (treatment and control groups) participated in the study. The effectiveness of the whole program as well as the module of stress control separately was evaluated over BP and other parameters: knowledge about the illness, pharmacological and diet compliance, level of anxiety and stress, and quality of life. Results show a better BP control after the treatment as well as an enhancement of the hygienic-diet compliance. There is also a decrease of anxiety and stress, and an increase of the knowledge about the illness. Nevertheless, there are no changes in physical exercise compliance nor in quality of life
