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1.
Rev. psiquiatr. infanto-juv ; 33(3): 414-427, 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-185816

RESUMO

Introducción: A pesar de que los tratamientos establecidos para mejorar los síntomas del TDAH han demostrado alivio sintomático significativo, es poco lo que se conoce sobre el efecto de los psicoestimulantes sobre el desarrollo psicosocial del niño y la potencial mejoría del deterioro funcional del paciente en todos los ámbitos de su vida diaria. Objetivos: El objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar el impacto del tratamiento farmacológico con psicoestimulantes en el deterioro funcional, las dificultades psicosociales y la calidad de vida de los pacientes diagnosticados de TDAH. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de una serie de casos, donde la población de estudio fueron 13 niños de entre 6 y 16 años, diagnosticados de TDAH en el Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias y que requerían comenzar tratamiento farmacológico con psicoestimulantes (Metilfenidato). El deterioro funcional y la calidad de vida fueron evaluados en respuesta al tratamiento pautado mediante dos instrumentos de valoración psicológica específicos para este trastorno: la Escala de Impresión Global de las Dificultades Percibidas (GIPD) y la Escala de Clasificación del Deterioro Funcional de Weiss (WFIRS). Resultados: La evaluación de la puntuación total de las escalas GIPD y WFIRS efectuadas por los padres mostró mejoría en el desarrollo psicosocial entre el momento previo al tratamiento y tras ocho semanas de terapia farmacológica psicoestimulante. El estudio estadístico mostró un p-valor =0,000241 para las dificultades percibidas con la escala GIPD y un p =0,000152 para los cambios percibidos con la escala WFIRS, mostrando, por tanto, diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusión: En función de las respuestas de los padres obtenidas en las escalas, establecemos que los beneficios del tratamiento diario con psicoestimulantes en los niños con TDAH se extienden más allá del alivio de los síntomas e impacta positivamente en la función psicosocial diaria de los pacientes, así como en su calidad de vida


Introduction: Although established treatments to improve symptoms of ADHD have shown significant symptomatic relief, there's little research on the effect that psychostimulants make on the psychosocial development of children and also on the potential improvement of functional impairment of the patients in all areas of their daily life. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of treatment with psychostimulants on the functional impairment, psychosocial difficulties and quality of life in children diagnosed with ADHD. Data and methods: This prospective, descriptive study examined a series of cases of 13 children aged 6 to 16 years, diagnosed with ADHD at the University Hospital of the Canary Islands who required to begin treatment with psychostimulants (methylphenidate). Functional impairment and quality of life were evaluated in response to the treatment prescribed by two specific psychological instruments for this disorder: The Global Impression of Perceived Difficulties Scale (GIPD) and The Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS). Results: The evaluation of the total score of the GIPD and WFIRS scales rated by parents showed improvement in psychosocial development between the time prior to treatment and after eight weeks of psychostimulant drug therapy. The statistical analysis showed a p-value = 0.000241 for the ADHD-related difficulties assessed with the GIPD scale and p = 0.000152 for the ones assessed with the WFIRS scale, showing statistically significant differences. Conclusion: According to the parents who rated the scales, benefits of daily treatment with psychostimulants in children diagnosed with ADHD extend beyond symptom relief and positively impact the daily psychosocial functioning of patients as well as their quality of life


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/uso terapêutico , Impacto Psicossocial , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida
2.
Rev. psiquiatr. infanto-juv ; 32(1): 31-48, 2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-185793

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Aunque la investigación y la experiencia clínica han demostrado que los estimulantes son fármacos eficaces para el tratamiento básico de los síntomas del TDAH, un comúnmente descrito, aunque en gran medida poco estudiado efecto secundario de este tipo de fármacos es el efecto sobre la expresión emocional de los pacientes. OBJETIVOS: El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar el impacto del tratamiento farmacológico con Metilfenidato en la expresión afectiva de niños diagnosticados de TDAH. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de series de casos, unicéntrico, de grupo único, donde "n" serán 15 niños diagnosticados de TDAH en el Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, que requieran comenzar tratamiento farmacológico con metilfenidato (MPH), con una dosis diaria de al menos de 0,3 mg/Kg. Se evaluará, en dicha población, la expresión emocional, por medio de la Escala Infantil de Expresión Emocional (EESC), realizando una comparación entre el momento previo al tratamiento y un mes posterior al comienzo del mismo. RESULTADOS: La evaluación de la puntuación total de la EESC efectuada por los padres, no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el momento previo al tratamiento y tras un mes con el mismo. Los dominios (emociones positivas, aplanamiento emocional y labilidad emocional) tampoco mostraron diferencias entre ambos períodos de tiempo, sin embargo, las emociones positivas mostraron una tendencia al descenso más llamativa que el resto, sin llegar a ser estadísticamente significativo (p = 0.0638). CONCLUSIÓN: No se han encontrado cambios estadísticamente significativos en la expresión emocional de los niños causada por el tratamiento con metilfenidato. Sin embargo, los datos muestran que existe inclinación hacia a una mejoría en la misma


INTRODUCTION: Although investigation and clinical experience have demonstrated that stimulants are effective medication for the basic treatment of the symptoms on the ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), a commonly described but quite slightly studied side effect of this type of medication, is the effect on the emotional expression of patients. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effect of the treatment with Methylphenidate on the affective/emotional expression in children diagnosed with ADHD. Data and methods: It is a descriptive study of several cases series, from a center and about a unique group, where "n" will be 15 children diagnosed with ADHD at the University Hospital of the Canary Islands, who were required beginning treatment with methylphenidate (MPH), with a daily dose of at least 0,3 mg/Kg. In this study it will be evaluated the emotional expression of the group, according to the scale Expression and Emotion Scale for Children (EESC)making a comparison between the previous moment to the treatment and a subsequent month from its beginning. RESULTS: The evaluation of the total result of the EESC conducted by the parent did not show statistically significant differences between scores previously of the treatment and results after a month with it. The dominions (positive emotions, emotional flatness and emotional lability) did not show differences between both periods of time, nevertheless, the positive emotions showed a tendency of reduction more showy than the rest, without getting to be statistically significant (p = 0.0638). CONCLUSION: Statistically there have not been significant changes in the emotional expression of the children caused by the treatment with methylphenidate. Nevertheless, the data show that there is a tendency to an improvement in it


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Metilfenidato/administração & dosagem , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/administração & dosagem , Emoções Manifestas/efeitos dos fármacos
5.
Rev Neurol ; 47(5): 225-30, 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18780266

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: There is an important agreement on the consideration of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a condition characterized by neurodevelopmental dysfunction of fronto-striatal dopaminergic and noradrenergic circuits with resultant executive deficits in cognitive functioning. AIM: To assess the existence of memory deficits in children with ADHD associated with a poor performance executive. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We assess 14 children diagnosed with ADHD combined type and 14 controls matched on intellectual coefficient, age and level of schooling, in a neuropsychological evaluation protocol designed to assess executive functions and memory skills using Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Memory for Stories Test -Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL)-, Complex Figure Text, Visual Selective Reminding Test (TOMAL), Tower of Hanoi, Memory Phrases Test (Siegel and Ryan), Digit Span (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised) and Tapping Test (Wechsler Memory Scale III). RESULTS: The ADHD group showed deficits in the learning and free recall of verbal material, in procedural and working memory. No group differences were observed in the visual memory tasks. CONCLUSIONS: The results are analyzed in terms of difficulty in coding strategies, storage and search of information previously stored in the group with ADHD, at least for the kind of verbal information. These difficulties are associated with deficits in executive functioning.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , Memória/fisiologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Criança , Cognição/fisiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
6.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 47(5): 225-230, 1 sept., 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69870

RESUMO

Introducción. Existe un acuerdo importante en la consideración del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) como una patología del neurodesarrollo caracterizada por déficit dopaminérgicos y noradrenérgicos de los circuitos frontoestriados que afectan al funcionamiento ejecutivo en el rendimiento cognitivo. Objetivo. Evaluar la existencia de déficit en memoria en niños con TDAH asociados a un deficiente rendimiento ejecutivo. Sujetos y métodos. Administramos a 14 niños diagnosticados de TDAH tipo combinado y a 14 controles equiparados en cociente intelectual, edad y nivel de escolarización, un protocolo de evaluación neuropsicológica destinado a evaluar funciones ejecutivas y habilidades de memoria, mediante las pruebas Auditory Verbal Learning Test, test de memoria de historias –test de memoria y aprendizaje (TOMAL)–,figura compleja de Rey, recuerdo selectivo visual (TOMAL), torre de Hanoi, test de memoria de frases (Siegel y Ryan), test de dígitos (escala de inteligencia para niños de Wechsler revisada) y test de tapping visual (escala de memoria de Wechsler III).Resultados. Se encontró que los niños con TDAH presentan déficit en el aprendizaje y en el recuerdo libre del material verbal descontextualizado y contextualizado, en la memoria de trabajo y en la memoria procedimental. Por el contrario, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en las pruebas de memoria de naturaleza visuoespacial y visuoperceptiva.Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos se analizan en términos de dificultades en las estrategias de codificación, almacenamiento y búsqueda de la información previamente almacenada en el grupo con TDAH, al menos para la información de naturaleza verbal. Estas dificultades están asociadas a déficit en el funcionamiento ejecutivo


Introduction. There is an important agreement on the consideration of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) as a condition characterized by neurodevelopmental dysfunction of fronto-striatal dopaminergic and noradrenergic circuits with resultant executive deficits in cognitive functioning. Aim. To assess the existence of memory deficits in children with ADHD associated with a poor performance executive. Subjects and methods. We assess 14 children diagnosed with ADHD combined type and 14 controls matched on intellectual coefficient, age and level of schooling, in a neuropsychological evaluation protocol designed to assess executive functions and memory skills using Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Memoryfor Stories Test –Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL)–, Complex Figure Text, Visual Selective Reminding Test (TOMAL), Tower of Hanoi, Memory Phrases Test (Siegel and Ryan), Digit Span (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised) and Tapping Test (Wechsler Memory Scale III). Results. The ADHD group showed deficits in the learning and free recall of verbal material, in procedural and working memory. No group differences were observed in the visual memory tasks. Conclusions. The results are analyzed in terms of difficulty in coding strategies, storage and search of information previously stored in the group with ADHD, at least for the kind of verbal information. These difficulties are associated with deficits in executivefunctioning


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Transtornos da Memória/diagnóstico , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Memória/fisiologia , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Estudos de Casos e Controles
7.
Rev Neurol ; 46(10): 602-8, 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18465700

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: There is wide evidence about dopaminergic and noradrenergic mechanisms in fronto-striatal circuits which are thought to be related with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) neurobiology. That dysfunction may explain core symptoms and part of executive deficits in cognitive functioning. Methylphenidate is effective in alleviating core symptoms, enhancing dopaminergic and noradrenergic biodisponibility. Less evidence in improving executive functions, specially working memory is found. AIMS: To assess if methylphenidate-OROS has a potential effect increasing working memory and attention parameters in ADHD children, and to determine if initial working memory and attention differences between ADHD and control group disappear after one month of daily methylphenidate-OROS treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eleven children with ADHD were selected and as control group was chosen eleven children compared in age, intelligence quotient, school grade, and social-demographic status. Neuropsychological battery was administered in naive ADHD patients at three times, before treatment, after the first methylphenidate-OROS dose, and after one month of daily treatment. Simultaneously neuropsychological battery was administered to control group. RESULTS. Statistically significant differences were found in neuropsychological variables of working memory after one month daily treatment with methylphenidate-OROS and attention parameters after only one dose in ADHD group. Differences between naive ADHD and control group in terms of working memory were statistically significant before treatment but not after one month daily treatment. CONCLUSION: Methylphenidate-OROS improves attention achievement after the first dose and working memory after one month of daily treatment.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Metilfenidato/uso terapêutico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Criança , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Humanos , Testes Neuropsicológicos
8.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 46(10): 602-608, 16 mayo, 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-65487

RESUMO

El déficit dopaminérgico y noradrenérgico en los circuitos frontoestriatales es considerado como labase bioquímica del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH). Estas alteraciones parecen explicar parte de sus déficit cognitivos, entre los cuales están las funciones ejecutivas. El metilfenidato incrementa la biodisponibilidad dopaminérgica y noradrenérgica en la corteza prefrontal y los ganglios basales. Este hecho supone beneficios inmediatos en el incremento de la atención y un descenso de la impulsividad. Menos documentado está el efecto del metilfenidato sobre las funciones ejecutivas y, en concreto, sobre la memoria de trabajo. Objetivos. Evaluar si el metilfenidato-OROS incrementa el rendimiento de los TDAH en diversos parámetros atencionales y en tareas de memoria de trabajo, y estudiar si las diferencias entre el grupo con TDAH y el grupo control desaparecen tras un mes de tratamiento con metilfenidato-OROS. Sujetos y métodos.Se seleccionaron 11 pacientes con TDAH y 11 sujetos control equiparados en edad, cociente intelectual, años de escolaridad y nivel socioeconómico. Se administró un protocolo neuropsicológico en tres momentos: antes del tratamiento, tras una sola dosis y tras un mes de tratamiento con metilfenidato-OROS. Se administró el mismo protocolo neuropsicológico al grupocontrol. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias en memoria de trabajo tras un mes de tratamiento y en parámetros atencionales tras una sola toma en el grupo con TDAH. Las diferencias iniciales entre el grupo con TDAH y el grupo control en memoria de trabajo dejaron de ser significativas tras un mes de tratamiento. Conclusión. El metilfenidato-OROS mejora elrendimiento atencional desde la primera dosis y la memoria de trabajo verbal tras un mes de administración diaria


There is wide evidence about dopaminergic and noradrenergic mechanisms in fronto-striatal circuitswhich are thought to be related with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) neurobiology. That dysfunction may explain core symptoms and part of executive deficits in cognitive functioning. Methylphenidate is effective in alleviating coresymptoms, enhancing dopaminergic and noradrenergic biodisponibility. Less evidence in improving executive functions, specially working memory is found. Aims. To assess if methylphenidate-OROS has a potential effect increasing working memory and attention parameters in ADHD children, and to determine if initial working memory and attention differences between ADHD and control group disappear after one month of daily methylphenidate-OROS treatment. Subjects andmethods. Eleven children with ADHD were selected and as control group was chosen eleven children compared in age,intelligence quotient, school grade, and social-demographic status. Neuropsychological battery was administered in naive ADHD patients at three times, before treatment, after the first methylphenidate-OROS dose, and after one month of daily treatment. Simultaneously neuropsychological battery was administered to control group. Results. Statistically significant differences were found in neuropsychological variables of working memory after one month daily treatment with methylphenidate-OROS and attention parameters after only one dose in ADHD group. Differences between naive ADHD and controlgroup in terms of working memory were statistically significant before treatment but not after one month daily treatment. Conclusion. Methylphenidate-OROS improves attention achievement after the first dose and working memory after one month of daily treatment


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Metilfenidato/farmacocinética , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Atenção , Memória , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Estudos de Casos e Controles
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