Renal lipofuscinosis in Danish slaughter cattle.

A study was performed to characterize dark brown or black discoloured kidneys ("black kidneys") in Danish slaughter cattle and to investigate the aetiology and pathogenesis. In 133 939 cattle entering four abattoirs, 359 cases of "black kidneys" were recorded. Of these, 57 cases were submitted for macroscopical, microscopical, and ultrastructural examination. A pigment with characteristics similar to those of lipofuscin was found in secondary lysosomes in epithelial cells of the proximal tubules. Pigment accumulation was the cause of discoloration, with a positive correlation between the discoloration of the renal cortex and the degree of pigment accumulation. Cases occurred only in cattle of the Holstein breed or the Red Danish Dairy breed and mainly in animals aged 3 years or older. In these breeds, prevalences of 0.44% and 2.51% were found, respectively. Epidemiological analyses indicated that affected animals aged 4.5 to 6.5 years or 7.5 to 8.5 years were culled more frequently than unaffected cattle. Epidemiological and genealogical analyses strongly indicated a genetic aetiology with simple autosomal recessive inheritance.

Collaborative consultation: a method for improving educational services for mainstreamed students who are hearing impaired.

As a result of well-known recent federal mandates for appropriate special education to all disabled students, the majority of children who are hearing impaired currently are educated in public school settings, along with hearing students. Consequently, teachers of students who are hearing impaired have expanded their role to include the provision of ongoing support to regular classroom teachers, speech-language pathologists, paraprofessionals and administrators. One model for delivery of these services is that of collaborative consultation. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of collaborative consultation, and to delineate some principles that merit consideration by regular and special educators who are involved in the education of students who are hearing impaired.

Unprogrammed effects of training high-status peers to interact with severely handicapped children.

We examined the effects of a peer initiation intervention with high- and low-status nonhandicapped students on the behavior of untrained peers toward handicapped students. In the context of a counterbalanced withdrawal design, high- and low-status nonhandicapped students were taught to direct social initiations to eight severely handicapped students during recess activities. The interactions of the high-status students resulted in higher levels of initiations by untrained peers toward the handicapped students than did the interactions of the low-status students. Social response levels were also differentially affected by the status of the peer initiator.

[Parathion poisoning in cattle (author's transl)]. / Parathionforgiftning hos kvaeg

In a herd of dairy cattle half of the cows showed symptoms of acute poisoning. Blood- and hair samples were taken from seven of the cows, of which two did not show any clinical symptoms. The cholinesterase activities were in all the blood samples decreased to about 10 per cent of normal and parathion was found in all hair samples. The cholinesterase activities rose gradually during a 31/2 month period to the lower part of the normal range. Parathion was found in samples from the inner walls of the cowstable, and it was concluded that the poisoning was probably due to parathion spraying in the stable, while a suspicion of winddrift as a source of poisoning was rejected as less probable.