[The phenomenon of hyperproduction and in vivo shedding of excess epithelial layers of intestinal villi]. / O fenomene giperproduktsii i prizhiznennogo ottorzheniia izbytochnykh plastov épiteliia kishechnykh vorsinok.

The native mucosa of enterobioptates of different animal species and men was examined with the use of binocular magnifier in combination with microscopic studies of serial sections of some intestinal villi isolated from mucous membrane. Areas with masses of fully or partially rejected excessive epithelial structures (long folds, plates, tubules) were revealed. The phenomenon under study is one of the sources of the epithelium in the mucous layer on the luminal surface of the small intestine.

[Phenomenon of formation of structures in the dense fraction of the enteric milieu when its pH is changed]. / O fenomene obrazovaniia struktur plotnoi fraktsii énteral'noi sredy pri izmeneniiakh ee pH.

Morphological study of the dog duodenum and ileum contents revealed that the food particles of less than 2 mm size constituted not more than 30% of the total volume of the chyme dense fraction. The main part of the dense fraction consists of the gel structures precipitating in the enteral milieu during changes of its pH due to acid content of the stomach. Histochemical reactions of these structures reveal presence of mucopolysaccharides, proteins and lipids. As the surface of these structures is able to adsorb the digestive enzymes, the intensive digestion of small food particles seems to be due to an increase of the enzyme hydrolysis occurring on the chyme dense fraction structures which are being formed during changes of the enteral milieu pH.

[Phenomenon of in vivo rejection of intestinal villi and their distal fragments]. / O fenomene prizhiznennogo ottorzheniia kishechnykh vorsinok i ikh distal'nykh fragmentov.

The contents and biopsy specimens of the mucous membrane of different parts of the small intestine of healthy polyfistula dogs and enterobiopsy specimens from intact dogs were examined by means of binocular magnification. It was demonstrated that the ability of typical and altered villi for being rejected or for secretion (in the process of shortening) of distal fragments of varying size to the surface of the mucous membrane and to the intestinal cavity where the rejected elements can exist for a certain period of time without undergoing break down does not depend on biopsy technique or on food supply and digestion.

[Method of preparation of the microspecimens of intestinal villi]. / Metodika progotovleniia mikropreparatov kishechnykh vorsinok.

In order to get significant microscopic pictures a method is proposed for embedding in paraffin and preparing precisely planed serial sections of some intestinal villi isolated from the enterobioptate mucosa fixed with 12% neutral formalin under the control of binocular magnifier. The method ensures an adequate evaluation of different forms the whole of villi or in micropreparations.

[Hyperproduction of the epithelium and its vital rejection in the lumen of the small intestine outside the "rejection zone"]. / O giperproduktsii épiteliia i prizhiznennom ottorzhenii ego v prosvet tonkoi kishki vne "zony vytalkivaniia"

Whole and histologically-treated biopsy material of the small intestinal mucosa of dogs with a full intestinal fistulae and of dogs with a portion of the small intestine excluded from digestion was studied. An intensive production of the surplus epithelial structures (protrusions, layers) was revealed in the areas of the crypts and the base of the villi. Rejection of these structures into the intestinal lumen occurred outside the "expulsion zone" with the preservation of the intactness of the villar surface. Less marked signs of this process were seen in control material. The data obtained testify to the fact of the existence of another way of development of the crypt cell leaving the crypt-villus system in the composition of the branching and rejecting epithelial structures.

[State of the mucus membrane of the small intestine in upper intestinal fistulas]. / Sostoianie slizistoi obolochki tonkoi kishki pri vysokikh kishechnykh svishchakh

In modeled experiments of 23 polyfistulous dogs with a reproduced high complete small-intestine fistula it was established that enteral compensation of water-electrolyte losses by means of a saline solution, isotonic and isoionic to the chyme, contributed to the maintenance of the water-salt balance for a prolonged period of time, kept up the animals' life and ensured the return to normalcy following the closure of the fistula. Preservation of the function of absorption by the small intestine was confirmed by the data of morphological investigations of 403 bioptic specimens of the mucosa from various parts of the small intestine repitedly taken in the course of the experiments. The data obtained testify to the absence of atrophy of villi and nakedness of their stroma, despite the intravital detachment of the epithelium into the lumen of the intestine, as well as to hyperproduction of the mucus, dilatation of the vessels of the circulatory and lymphatic systems, to retention of the mitotic activity.