Repeated administration of the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine: development of apomorphine aggressiveness and changes in the interaction between dopamine D(2) receptors and G-proteins.

The repeated administration of dopamine receptor agonists produces a progressive increase in the acute behavioral effects of these drugs, known as behavioral sensitization. These includes the development of impulsive aggressive behavior after repeated small doses of apomorphine. The aim of this investigation was to study the behavioral specificity of the apomorphine-induced aggressiveness model and its possible relationship with changes in the D(2) receptor-G-protein interaction. Apomorphine (1 mg/kg, sc) was administered daily for three weeks to two groups of male Wistar rats. One of the groups was repeatedly tested for the development of aggressiveness. Apomorphine aggressiveness developed stepwise with repeated behavioral testing. Neither apomorphine-treated group displayed any behavioral change in the open field test, forced swimming test, or quipazine-induced wet-dog shake response test. Three weeks of apomorphine administration in the home cage increased the GDP binding affinity and reduced the [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding in striatal membranes, but this effect was not present in apomorphine-treated rats that had developed aggressiveness. In conclusion, sensitization to apomorphine, as measured by the expression of aggressiveness, developed only with accumulating apomorphine-induced fighting, was behaviorally specific, and appeared to be dependent on the D(2) receptor-G-protein interaction. The absence of sensitization to the dopaminergic stimulation may be mediated by the downregulation of D(2) receptor sensitivity via changes in the GDP affinity of G-proteins.

Role of 5-HT1A receptors in the mediation of acute citalopram effects: a 8-OH-DPAT challenge study.

(1) The study was aimed to investigate the effects of the minimal effective doses of acute citalopram (5 mg/kg), (+/-)-8-hydroxydipropylaminotetralin HBr (8-OH-DPAT; 0.1 mg/kg), and their combined treatment on the rat open field and forced swimming behaviour and post-mortem monoamine content. (2) The animals were prospectively divided into the vehicle- and para-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA)-pretreated (350 mg/kg) groups. (3) Acute citalopram (5 mg/kg), 8-OH-DPAT (0.1 mg/kg), or their combined treatment had no major effect on the rat open field and forced swimming behaviour. (4) The post-mortem catecholamine content in four brain regions studied was unchanged in all treatment groups. (5) The combined 8-OH-DPAT (0.1 mg/kg) and citalopram (5 mg/kg) treatment partially reversed the p-CPA-induced decrease of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxy-indolacetic acid (5-HIAA) content. (6) The present experiments demonstrate that the 5-HT1A receptors mediate some of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-induced biochemical phenomena.