[A method of speech donorship and speech discourse for the speech restoration in aphasia].

An objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of speech restoration in aphasia in outpatients using audiovisual samples of the speech of first-degree relatives of the patient with the following transformation of the restoration into the feedback with the own audiovisual material (a method of speech donorship and speech discourse). We studied 53 outpatients with different severity of aphasia (28 patients with moderate severity, 12 patients with mild severity and 13 patients with marked severity) that was pathogenetically associated with stroke or brain injury. We used the following algorithm of speech restoration: 1) the work in the regime of biological feedback with the audiovisual sample of the speech of the close relative (7th-14th days); 2) the DVD recording of the own speech of the patient and the work with the own audiovisual sample (14th-21st days). Sessions were carried out twice a day. After the rehabilitation, there was a significant improvement (p<0,001) in the speech function including the decrease in the frequency of literal and verbal paraphasias, literal perseverations as well as the improvement of speech initiation and nonverbal speech component (intonation and kinesthetic appearances). The results of the restoration were worse in patients with severe aphasia than in those with moderate and mild aphasia, for the latter patients the method was very effective.

[Restoration of speech in aphasia during the post hospital period based on the "speech donorship" method and a family speech discourse].

The method of "speech donorship" is based on genetically mediated factors of tempo-rhythmic concordance of speech in monozygotic twins (co-twins) and pairs of close relatives (father-son, mother-daughter, sibs). Recording of the natural audiovisual donor sample of the speech adapted for a structurally-linguistic condition of speech of the recipient was carried out on a digital movie camera. This sample is defined using the data of computer transformation obtained by the program specially developed by the authors. The program allows to compute time equivalents of three parameters: the time spent for realization of "word", "pause", "word + pauses". Work of the recipient with the screen donor sample assumes a support of the restoration of genetic and adaptive speech patterns. Then the recipient works with the own audiovisual sample. The dictionary of a family speech was used to build tests. The use of this method was described for 15 patients with aphasia of vascular and traumatic etiology.

[Concentration of benzylpenicillin sodium salt in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with late neurosyphilis as an indicator of efficacy of specific therapy].

A permeability of crystallized benzylpenicillin sodium salt (CBSS) through a blood-brain barrier (BBB) in patients with late neurosyphilis and experimental animals has been studied. Forty-six patients with vascular and late meningovascular neurosyphilis have been examined. A group of experimental animals included 50 rabbits. The injection of CBSS to patients and animals was followed by the measurement of antibiotic's concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using high performance liquid chromatography. The level of CSF penicillin concentration was estimated as an indicator of efficacy of the treatment. The treponemocide concentration of antibiotics in the CSF was reached only in patients with meningovascular neurosyphilis (0.029+/-0.003 mcg/ml; p<0.05). There was an increase of BBB permeability for CBSS and concentration of the latter in CSF from 0.0012+/-0.001 mcg/ml to 0.02+/-0.0012 mcg/ml (p<0.05) after the injection of mannitol in rabbits.

Use of the principle of proprioceptive correction in the restoration of voluntary movements in the paralyzed arm in patients in the late recovery and residual post-stroke periods.

A specially developed proprioceptive correction costume was used for the restoration of motor functions in the proximal parts of the upper limb in central paralysis syndrome in patients in the late recovery and residual post-stroke states. The costume is a logical continuation of the Adeli and Gravistat proprioceptive correction systems, directed to restoring balance and gait in post-stroke patients. The costume consists of a waistcoat and cuffs connected by a system of elastic bands fixed around the shoulder and forearm of the paralyzed upper limb. Controlling the tension in the elastic bands allows a regime of "facilitated" work to be created, with increased loading of active movements in the proximal parts of the paralyzed arm. The effectiveness of using the proprioceptive correction costume in restoring voluntary movements in the upper limb was demonstrated during the treatment of 23 patients in the late recovery and residual post-stroke periods. In most patients, treatment resulted in significant decreases in the extent of paralysis in the arm and produced recovery rates greater than those seen in the control group. Use of the proprioceptive correction costume in the neurorehabilitation complex is advised for restoration of voluntary movements in the arms of stroke patients.

[The use of the proprioceptive correction principle in the restoration of conscious movements in the patient's paretic arm in the late restorative and residual periods of stroke].

A specially designed suit for proprioceptive correction is offered for the restoration of motor functions in the proximal parts of the upper extremity in the central paresis syndrome at the late restorative and residual periods of stroke. The suit is a logical continuation of the proprioceptive correction systems Adeli, Gravistat aimed at the restoration of equilibrium and walking in post-stroke patients. It consists of a waistcoat, cuffs connected with a system of elastics which are fixed around the upper arm and arm of the paretic upper extremity. The regulation of the tension of elastics allows to create the regimes of "facilitated" work and increased exertion during active movements in the proximal parts of a paretic arm. The effectiveness of the use of the proprioceptive correction suit for restoration of conscious movements in the upper extremity has been proved in 23 patients in the late restorative and residual periods of stroke. As a result of the treatment, most of the patients showed reliable reduction of paresis expression in the arm, the rate of restoration exceeded the indexes in the control group. It is expedient to use the proprioceptive correction suit in the complex of neurorehabilitation measures for restoration of conscious movements in an arm of the post-stroke patient.

[A use of betaserc in ataxic syndromes]. / Ispol'zovanie betaserka pri atakticheshkikh sindromakh.

Thirty-five patients with vestibular (25) and cerebellar (10) ataxy were medicated by betacerc during 21 days. A status of balance function was estimated, using stabilometric complex MBN "Biomechanika", before and after the treatment course. After the end of the treatment, symptoms of static ataxy and vertigo were reduced. An analysis of stabilogramm has confirmed a tendency to normalization of static balance parameters as a result of betacerc treatment of vestibular and cerebella types of ataxy, with significant decrease of general length of the way, area of support and velocity of gravity center displacement.

[Functional analysis of the sensorimotor processes in the brain as a methodological and methodical basis for the theory and practice of referent bioadaptation]. / Funktsional'nyi analiz sensomotornykh protsessov mozga kak metodologicheskaia i metodicheskaia osnova teorii i praktiki referentnoibioadaptatsii.

Stimulus programs and their reproduction by the examinees are compared. This makes up the system of logic regularities, reflecting characteristics of voluntary movement control. The authors ground their investigations on the principle of estimating dynamics of intracyclic components in electromyographic equivalent of reproductive tapping synergy considered as a sample of voluntary movement combining neurophysiological, psychophysiological and biomechanical components.

[Diagnostic significance of inherent and disintegration reflexes mediated by the frontal lobes of the brain in the clinical picture of nervous diseases]. / Diagnosticheskoe znachenie sobstvennykh i dezintegratsionnykh refleksov, oposreduemykh lobnymi doliami mozga, v klinike nervnykh boleznei.

On the basis of many years investigation of reflexes of the forebrain conducted with the help of electrophysiological, biogenetic and clinical analysis, the author has identified a group of homolateral automatisms being a part of a functional system of vertical walking. Having considered the mechanisms of formation of the above-mentioned reflexes from a semiological viewpoint, the author suggests to identify 2 groups of frontal automatisms: inherent and disintegrative . In modern neurology use is made of not only the principles of topic diagnosis but those of functional analysis, which is based on the known discrepancy between the notions "localization of the symptom" and "localization of the function".

[Reproduction of a given frequency of rhythmic movements in lesions of different motor formations]. / Vosproizvedenie zadannykh tempov ritmicheskikh dvizhenii pri porazhenii razlichnykh motornykh obrazovanii

By means of the tapping method the authors studied the capability of reproducting induced paces of rhythmical movements in 22 patients with the localization of the pathological process in subcortical nodes and in the brain stem. The induction of temporary programmes was accomplished by an electrophotostimulator, while the tapping registration--by an electromyo- and electroencephalographic method. It was demonstrated that in parkinsonic patients the most successful reproduction was accomplished in a pace of 6 hz. In cortical lesion there was a tendency to slow pace (1-2 hz), to a perseveration of made mistakes and a difficulty in transmitting from one pace to another. In stem lesions there was a disturbance in the reproduction of paces in all series of the experiment. The authors discuss the hypothesis of an existence of endogenous temporary programmes as an independent neurophysiological factor. It is being assumed that a study of the influence of external rhythmical signals on the internal (endogenous) time may have a decisive importance for special methods of rehabilitation of motor functions.