Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica: current insights into an emerging human pathogen.

Since the first description of Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica in 2008, a number of well described case reports demonstrating its pathogenic role in humans have been published. Infections may be closely linked to flies, such as Wohlfahrtia magnifica, Lucilia sericata, Chrysomya megacephala or Musca domestica. These insects are potent vectors for the distribution of W. chitiniclastica causing local or systemic infections originating from wounds infested with fly larvae. However, other potential sources of transmission of W. chitiniclastica have been described such as soil or chicken meat. Infections in humans reported to date comprise wound infections, cellulitis, osteomyelitis and sepsis. This review summarizes all the literature available up to now and gives the current knowledge about this emerging human pathogen. Additionally, four patients with proven W. chitiniclastica infections treated at Dresden University Hospital between 2013 and 2015, are included. Special focus was placed on microbiological identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the pathogen.

Quantitative analysis in alkaline solutions by Raman spectroscopy.

A detailed investigation has been made of the analysis of concentrated alkaline aluminate solutions (synthetic Bayer liquors) by Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy. Satisfactory determinations of Al(OH)4-, SO42- and CO32- were achieved at industrially-relevant concentrations. Possible extensions to a number of other inorganic and organic anions of interest to the alumina refining industry were demonstrated. No significant interferences were observed except for a small but readily correctable contribution of a minor SO42- mode at ∼615 cm-1 to the Al(OH)4- envelope centred at ∼620 cm-1. Hydroxide (OH-) could not be determined with the present FT instrument, due to the low detector sensitivity at high wavenumbers, but might be possible with other spectrometers. Successful extension of the analyses to industrial Bayer process solutions is briefly discussed.

Comment on "Dynamic ion association in aqueous solutions of sulfate" [J. Chem. Phys. 123, 034508 (2005)].

The "dynamic exchange" model of ion association proposed by Watanabe and Hamaguchi, [J. Chem. Phys.123, 034508 (2005)] for aqueous solutions of MgSO4 is shown to be inconsistent with the extensive information available from Raman, relaxation, and thermodynamic studies, all of which can be explained by the Eigen equilibrium model.