RESUMO
Pharmacotherapy is the primary treatment method for hyperthyroidism. Antithyroid drugs can induce liver injury， and the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury is mostly exclusive based on medical history collection， clinical symptoms， serum biochemistry， radiological examination， and histology. According to the severity of liver injury， drug-induced liver injury can be classified into mild， moderate， severe， and fatal degrees. Drug withdrawal may not be necessary for patients with mild liver injury， but regular monitoring of liver function is required； in severe cases， patients may develop liver failure， which may lead to a mortality rate， and early identification， timely drug withdrawal， and reasonable pharmacotherapy can help to avoid fatal consequences. The treatment principles of liver injury induced by antithyroid drugs include promoting the recovery of liver injury， preventing the severe exacerbation and chronicity of liver injury， and reducing the risk of death. Standardized medication， timely monitoring， early identification， and early treatment are important measures for the prevention and treatment of liver injury induced by antithyroid drugs.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND:Articular cartilage has limited ability to repair itself, and the traditional means are difficult to repair articular cartilage defects, but articular cartilage tissue engineering provides new methods and approaches for large-area articular cartilage defects. OBJECTIVE:To review the current status, problems and prospects of tissue engineering technology in articular cartilage repair. METHODS:The retrieval of PubMed database was performed for articles published from 1982 to 2015, with the keywords of “articular cartilage, repair, tissue engineering” in English. Literatures related to tissue engineering repair of articular cartilage were included, but repetitive studies were excluded. Finaly 39 articles were reserved in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Excelent seed cels have chondrogenic differentiation potential, and currently, the main seed cels for articular cartilage repair include mesenchymal stem cels, embryonic stem cels, adipose-derived stem cels and precartilaginous stem cels. Different growth factors, which can induce the in vivo growth of host parenchymal cels, improve seeded cel stability, and accelerate tissue regeneration, tend to be combined in clinical application. Composite scaffolds are also one of hot researches that can promote cell inoculation and spatial distribution as well as accelerate cell proliferation. To obtain the best effectiveness of articular cartilage repair, how to optimize seed cells, select and match scaffold materials to construct new types of composite patterns is an important direction in the future.
