Colecistectomía y nefrectomía radical por puerto único umbilical en un mismo acto quirúrgico / Trans-umbilical single-port radical nephrectomy with concomitant cholecystectomy

Objetivos: La evolución de los procedimientos laparoscópicos hace que sea necesario en ocasiones, la realización de cirugías combinadas con otras especialidades. Actualmente, algunas de estas intervenciones se pueden realizar mediante cirugía por puerto único umbilical. Material y métodos: Presentamos el caso de un paciente con tumoración renal de 4,5 cm y colelitiasis al que realizamos colecistectomía y nefrectomía radical derecha por puerto único umbilical de manera concomitante. Este es el primer caso publicado en España en el que se realiza esta intervención combinada mediante cirugía de puerto único umbilical. Resultados: Se realizó la cirugía sin complicaciones intraoperatorias ni postoperatorias, con un correcto control de la patología tumoral y un excelente resultado estético. Conclusión: En las situaciones que sean necesarias realizar un abordaje multidisciplinar con otras especialidades quirúrgicas involucradas, estas se pueden realizar mediante cirugía por puerto único umbilical, con las ventajas de una menor morbilidad postoperatoria y un mejor resultado estético

Objectives: Occasionally, the development of laparoscopic procedures allows the performance of combined surgeries. Currently, some of these can be carried out by trans-umbilical single-port laparoscopy. Material and methods: We report a patient with renal tumor of 4.5 cm and cholelithiasis who undergone to trans-umbilical single port-right radical nephrectomy with concomitant cholecystectomy. This is the first case reported in Spain that this combined procedure is performed using umbilical single port surgery. Results: No complications (intra or postoperative) have been described in this case, achieving proper control of tumor pathology and an excellent cosmetic outcome. Conclusion: In those cases in which multidisciplinary approach is required, surgery can be performed by trans-umbilical single-port laparoscopy as consequence of its reduced postoperative morbidity and better cosmetic results

Trans-umbilical single-port radical nephrectomy with concomitant cholecystectomy.

OBJECTIVES: Occasionally, the development of laparoscopic procedures allows the performance of combined surgeries. Currently, some of these can be carried out by trans-umbilical single-port laparoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report a patient with renal tumor of 4.5cm and cholelithiasis who undergone to trans-umbilical single port-right radical nephrectomy with concomitant cholecystectomy. This is the first case reported in Spain that this combined procedure is performed using umbilical single port surgery. RESULTS: No complications (intra or postoperative) have been described in this case, achieving proper control of tumor pathology and an excellent cosmetic outcome. CONCLUSION: In those cases in which multidisciplinary approach is required, surgery can be performed by trans-umbilical single-port laparoscopy as consequence of its reduced postoperative morbidity and better cosmetic results.

[Emergency conservative surgery on a unique kidney with broken multiple angiomyolipoma]. / Cirugía conservadora de urgencia en monorrena por rotura de angiomiolipoma múltiple.

A case of retroperitoneal hemorrhage due to the rupture of a multiple angiomyolipoma in a female with a unique kidney is described. Hipovolemic shock was the first symptom, being possible to perform on her a successful conservative surgery. Etiology, diagnostic methods and treatment of the spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage are discussed.

Cirugía conservadora de urgencia en monorrena por rotura de angiomiolipoma múltiple / Emergency conservative surgery on a unique kidney with broken multiple angiolypoma

Se presenta el caso una hemorragia retroperitoneal debida a la rotura de un angiomiolipoma (AML) en una paciente monorrena. La paciente debuta con un shock hipovolémico por lo que es necesario realizar una cirugía de urgencia, pudiendo ser en este caso conservadora. Se revisan así mismo las distintas etiologías, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hemorragia retroperitoneal espontánea

A case of retroperitoneal hemorrhage due to the rupture of a multiple angiomyolipoma in a female with a unique kidney is described. Hipovolemic shock was the first symptom, being possible to perform on her a successful conservative surgery. Etiology, diagnostic methods and treatment of the spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage are discussed

[Testicular epidermoid cyst: uncommon lesion of difficult preoperative diagnosis]. / Quiste epidermoide testicular: una rara entidad de dificil diagnostico preoperatorio.

Intratesticular epidermoid cysts are rare tumours that constitute one percent of all testicular masses. They are bening lesions that make differential diagnosis from malignant testicular tumours difficult. The absence of serum markers elevation and ultrasound imaging could support these lesions being bening epidermoid cysts, and in that case, conservative surgery is adequate. We present the case of a 22 years old patient who complains of a left testicular mass. In this case ultrasound diagnosis was non-specific and a left radical inguinal orchiectomy was performed.

Quiste epidermoide testicular: una rara entidad de difícil diagnostico preoperatorio / Testicular epidermoid cyst: uncommon lesion of difficult preoperative diagnosis

Los quistes epidermoides intratesticulares son tumores raros, constituyendo el 1% de todos los tumores testiculares. Se trata de tumoraciones benignas que plantean un difícil diagnóstico diferencial preoperatorio frente a los tumores malignos testiculares. La ausencia de elevación de los marcadores tumorales y la apariencia ecográfica, pueden orientar hacia su diagnóstico preoperatorio y en este caso la cirugía conservadora del testículo. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 22 años que consulta por una masa en el testículo izquierdo. En este caso, el diagnóstico ecográfico preoperatorio no descartaba otras patologías por lo que se procedió a la realización de orquiectomía inguinal izquierda (AU)

Intratesticular epidermoid cysts are rare tumours that constitute one percent of all testicular masses. They are bening lesions that make differential diagnosis from malignant testicular tumours difficult. The absence of serum markers elevation and ultrasound imaging could support these lesions being bening epidermoid cysts, and in that case, conservative surgery is adequate. We present the case of a 22 years old patient who complains of a left testicular mass. In this case ultrasound diagnosis was non-specific and a left radical inguinal orchiectomy was performed (AU)

[Comparative study between cystoscopy, urinary cytology, NMP-22 and a new method, bladder chek, in the follow-up of superficial bladder cell carcinoma]. / Estudio comparativo entre cistoscopia, citología urinaria, NMP-22 y un nuevo método, bladder chek, en el seguimiento del cáncer vesical superficial.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this work tries to evaluate the utility of the qualitative determination of NMP-22 in the evaluation of the superficial bladder carcinoma in asymptomatic patients, comparing it with its quantitative determination, the cytology and the cystoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A simple of urine just voided was taken in 88 asymptomatic patient follow-up for superficial bladder cell carcinoma. This dose was distributed in 3 parts, for performed cytology, for determination of NMP-22, and 4 drops of the third part are added to device bladder chek. Later, we performed cystoscopy and transurethral resection in patients with a suspicion of bladder cancer. RESULTS: 26 patients had tumor relapse and 62 patients were free of disease. The sensitivity for the bladder chek was of 28%, 34.62% for NMP-22, 34.62% for cytology and 100% for cystoscopy. The specificity was of 93.55%, 80.33%, 87.10% and 87.10% respectively. The sensitivity by degree was 25 in G1, 28.57 in G2 and 50 in G3 for Bladder chek; 29.41, 42.86 and 50 for NMP-22; 23.53, 71.43 and 0 for cytology. The sensitivity by stages was 27.7 in Ta-1 and 50 in T2 for Bladder chek; 34.78 and 50 for NMP-22; 39.13 and 0 for the cytology. CONCLUSIONS: The low sensitivity of bladder chek invalidates it like alternative method to the cystoscopy in the follow-up of the superficial asymptomatic bladder cell carcinoma.

[Surgical aspects in the third and fourth kidney retransplant]. / Aspectos quirúrgicos en los terceros y cuartos retrasplantes renales.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: A quarter of patients waiting for kidney transplantation are patients with previous graft failure. Outcome of first and second renal transplant make these the gold standard for end renal stage disease, but this is not so clear in the case of third and further renal transplant, especially at the time of organ shortage. We revise our experience in patients with three or more kidney transplants focusing on surgical aspects and graft outcome. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 1364 renal transplants have been carried out in our centre since 1975 until December 2003. We have retrospectively revised the 34 patients with three renal transplants and the 5 with four. We analyse the surgical technique, surgical complications and graft outcome. RESULTS: Mean age was 42 years (21-65). Average mismatches between donor and recipient was 3.2. All kidneys, but one case of living donor, were harvested from cadaver donors, mostly in multiple organ-procurement. Average time from the last renal transplant was 5 years (3 days-17 years) and from the last transplant carried out in the iliac fossa reused until the new transplant was 9 years (3 days- 17.5 years). All implants were performed through an iterative lumboliliac incision (25 on the right side, 11 on the left one and in 3 cases where side was not registered). Mean average duration of the procedure was 166 minutes (100-300). Nephrectomy of previous graft at the moment of the implant was carried out in 13 patients (33%). Vascular anastomosis was made on the common iliac vessels (50%) or on the external ones (50%) in end to side way, Ureteroneocystostomy was performed in an extravesical way except in 1 patient with cutaneous diversion. Vascular complications were 4 haemorrages (1 patient died), 3 venous and 2 arterial thrombosis. We had an abscess secondary to intestinal fistulae. Other surgical complications were 4 lymphoceles, three of them needed surgical treatment, and one perirenal haematoma treated in a conservative way. No urological complications were seen. In total 6 grafts (15%) were lost due to surgical complications. Graft actuarial survival rate at 1 year was 65%, 40% at 5 and 28% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Three and four renal transplant survival rates are shorter than first and second ones. Iterative access through lumboiliac incision is associated with a higher vascular complication rate, probably in these patients a transperitoneal access would be better. Multicentric studies with higher numbers of patients are needed to define more clearly which patients would benefit from multiple kidney retransplants.

Estudio comparativo entre cistoscopia, citología urinaria, NMP-22 y un nuevo método, bladder chek, en el seguimiento del cáncer vesical superficial / Comparative study between cystoscopy, urinary cytologym, NMP-22 and new method, bladder chek, in the follow-up of the superficial bladder cell carcinoma

Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de la determinación cualitativa del NMP-22 en el seguimiento del carcinoma vesical superficial en pacientes asintomáticos, comparándolo con su determinación cuantitativa, la citología y la cistoscopia. Material y Métodos: 88 pacientes asintomáticos en seguimiento por carcinoma vesical superficial se les recogió una muestra de orina recién emitida, repartiéndose en 3 alícuotas, para citología, NMP-22 y 4 gotas se añaden al dispositivo Bladder chek, para su lectura en 30 minutos. Posteriormente, cistoscopia y RTU-vesical en sospecha de recidiva. Resultados: 26 pacientes tenían recidiva tumoral y 62 estaban libres de enfermedad. La sensibilidad fue del 28% para el Bladder chek, 34.62% para el NMP-22, 34.62% para la citología y de 100%para la cistoscopia. La especificidad fue de 93.55%, 80.33%, 87.10% y 87.10% respectivamente. La sensibilidad por grado fue: 25 en G1, 28.57 en G2 y 50 para G3 en Bladder chek, de 29.41, 42.86, 50 para NMP-22 respectivamente, 23.53, 71.43, 0 para la citología. Por estadios la sensibilidad fue: 27.27 para Ta-1 y 50 en T2 para Bladder chek, 34.78, 50 para NMP-22 y 39.13, 0 para la citología. Conclusiones: La baja sensibilidad del Bladder chek lo invalida como método alternativo a la cistoscopia en el seguimiento del carcinoma vesical superficial asintomático (AU)

Objective: The goal of this work tries to evaluate the utility of the qualitative determination of NMP-22 in the evaluation of the superficial bladder carcinoma in asymptomatic patients, comparing it with its quantitative determination, the cytology and the cystoscopy. Materials and Methods: A simple of urine just voided was taken in 88 asymptomatic patient follow-up for superficial bladder cell carcinoma. This dose was distributed in 3 parts, for performed cytology, for determination of NMP-22, and 4 drops of the third part are added to device bladder chek. Later, we performered cystoscopy and transurethral resection in patients with a suspicion of bladder cancer. Results: 26 patients had tumor relapse and 62 patients were free of disease. The sensitivity for the bladder chek was of 28%, 34.62% for NMP-22, 34.62% for cytology and 100% for cystoscopy. The specificity was of 93.55%, 80.33%, 87.10% and 87.10% respectively. The sensitivity by degree was 25 in G1, 28.57 in G2 and 50 inG3 for Bladder chek; 29.41, 42.86and 50 for NMP-22; 23.53, 71.43 and 0 for cytology. The sensitivity by stages was 27.7 in Ta-1 and 50 in T2 for Bladder chek; 34.78 and 50 for NMP-22; 39.13 and 0 for the cytology. Conclusions: The low sensitivity of bladder chek invalidates it like alternative method to the cystoscopy in the follow-up of the superficial asymptomatic bladder cell carcinoma (AU)

Aspectos quirúrgicos en los terceros y cuartos retrasplantes renales / Surgical aspects in the third and fourth kidney retransplant

Introducción y objetivos: El fracaso de un injerto renal previo constituye la cuarta parte de los pacientes en lista de espera para trasplante renal. Si bien los resultados de los primeros y segundos trasplantes hacen que sean el tratamiento prioritario de la insuficiencia renal crónica, no es tan evidente que el tercer o más trasplante sea la mejor elección especialmente dada la escasez de órganos. Revisamos nuestra experiencia en pacientes con tres o más trasplantes renales con especial atención a los aspectos quirúrgicos y evolución del injerto. Material y método: Entre 1975 y diciembre de 2003 hemos realizado 1.364 trasplantes renales. Hacemos una revisión retrospectiva de los 34 pacientes con 3 trasplantes y 5 con 4 trasplantes. Analizamos fundamentalmente la técnica y complicaciones quirúrgicas y la evolución del injerto. Resultados: La edad media fue de 42 años (21-65). La media de incompatibilidades entre donante y receptor fue de 3,2. Todos, excepto 1 caso de donante vivo, fueron donantes cadáveres, la mayoría multiorgánicos. El tiempo medio desde el trasplante previo fue de 5 años (3 días-17 años) y entre la última cirugía en la fosa ilíaca reutilizada y el trasplante fue de 9 años (3 días y 17,5 años). En todos los casos se utilizó una incisión lumboilíaca iterativa (25 derecha, 11 izquierda, 3 no consta); el mayor problema quirúrgico fue la existencia de fibrosis en la fosa ilíaca. La duración media de la intervención fue de 166 minutos (100-300). En 13 pacientes (33%) se realizó trasplantectomía en el mismo acto quirúrgico. La anastomosis vascular se hizo en los vasos ilíacos comunes (50%) o externos (50%). La ureteroneocistostomía se hizo mediante técnica extravesical excepto en 1 caso con derivación a piel. Complicaciones vasculares: 4 hemorragias (1 exitus), 3 trombosis venosas y 2 arteriales. Hubo 1 absceso del lecho secundario a una fístula intestinal. Otras complicaciones fueron 4 linfoceles precisando tratamiento quirúrgico 3 de ellos y un hematoma perirenal que no precisó cirugía. No hubo complicaciones urológicas. En total se perdieron 6 injertos (15%) por las complicaciones quirúrgicas. La supervivencia actuarial del injerto fue del 65% al año, 40% a los 5 años y 28% a los 10. Conclusiones: La supervivencia de los 3º y 4º trasplantes renales es menor que la de los 1º y 2º. La cirugía mediante abordaje iterativo es dificultosa y se asocia a un mayor índice de complicaciones vasculares. Se precisan estudios multicéntricos con un mayor número de pacientes para poder concluir qué pacientes se beneficiarían de los múltiples retrasplantes (AU)

Introduction and objectives: A quarter of patients waiting for kidney transplantation are patients with previous graft failure. Outcome of first and second renal transplant make these the gold standard for end renal stage disease, but this is not so clear in the case of third and further renal transplant, especially at the time of organ shortage. We revise our experience in patients with three or more kidney transplants focusing on surgical aspects and graft outcome. Material and method: 1364 renal transplants have been carried out in our centre since 1975 until December 2003. We have retrospectively revised the 34 patients with three renal transplants and the 5 with four. We analyse the surgical technique, surgical complications and graft outcome. Results: Mean age was 42 years (21-65). Average mismatches between donor and recipient was 3.2. All kidneys, but one case of living donor, were harvested from cadaver donors, mostly in multiple organ-procurement. Average time from the last renal transplant was 5 years (3 days-17 years) and from the last transplant carried out in the iliac fossa reused until the new transplant was 9 years (3 days-17.5 years). All implants were performed through an iterative lumboliliac incision (25 on the right side, 11 on the left one and in 3 cases where side was not registered). Mean average duration of the procedure was 166 minutes (100-300). Nephrectomy of previous graft at the moment of the implant was carried out in 13 patients (33%). Vascular anastomosis was made on the common iliac vessels (50%) or on the external ones (50%) in end to side way. Ureteroneocystostomy was performed in an extravesical way except in1 patient with cutaneous diversion. Vascular complications were 4 haemorrages (1 patient died), 3 venous and 2 arterial thrombosis. We had an abscess secondary to intestinal fistulae. Other surgical complications were 4 lymphoceles, three of them needed surgical treatment, and one perirenal haematoma treated in a conservative way. No urological complications were seen. In total 6 grafts (15%) were lost due to surgical complications. Graft actuarial survival rate at 1 year was 65%, 40% at 5 and 28% at 10 years. Conclusions: Three and four renal transplant survival rates are shorter than first and second ones. Iterative access through lumboiliac incision is associated with a higher vascular complication rate, probably in these patients a transperitoneal access would be better. Multicentric studies with higher numbers of patients are needed to define more clearly which patients would benefit from multiple kidney retransplants (AU)

[Usefulness of abdominal leak point pressure determination in the diagnosis of female urinary incontinence in the TVT era]. / Utilidad de la determinación de la presión abdominal de fuga en el diagnóstico de la incontinencia de orina femenina en la epoca del TVT.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse our results about continence in the treatment of female urinary incontinence with the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure based on abdominal leak point pressure(ALPP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of the fifty two patients who had urodynamic study and abdominal leak point pressure determination and were operated on between 1999 and 2002 for stress urinary incontinence. We reviewed the data of clinical history, physical examination and urodynamic report, surgery, complications, and objective and subjective results. Those patients having ALPP > 100 are included in group 1, between 61 and 100 in group 2 and less than 60 in group 3. RESULTS: There were 19 patients in group 1, 17 in group 2 and 16 in group 3. We found no difference between the three groups regarding age, delivery, menopause, hysterectomy, evolution, previous surgery, grade of cystocele, association of anterior colporraphy to TVT and type of anaesthesia. The Obrink clinical grade increased as the ALPP decreased (grade 3 in 26.32% of group 1, 31.58% in group 2 and 68.71% in group 3). 100% of patients in groups 1 and 2 were continent with effort and 93.75% in group 3. Complications, especially de novo instability or urgency-frequency episodes or persistence of instability in patients having mixed incontinence, caused a decrease in the satisfaction degree to 79% in group 1, 76.5% in 2 and 62.5% in 3. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal leak point pressure determination does not change our decision of perform a TVT procedure but permits us to differentiate one group in which results could be worse.

Utilidad de la determinación de la presión abdominal de fuga en el diagnóstico de la incontinencia de orina femenina en la época del TVT / Usefulness of abdominal leak point pressure determination in the diagnosis of female urinary incontinence in the TVT era

OBJETIVO: Analizar los resultados del tratamiento de la incontinencia de esfuerzo tratada con TVT en función de la presión abdominal de fuga (PAF). MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo de 52 pacientes operadas entre 1999 y 2002 que tenían estudio urodinámico y determinación de la PAF, con seguimiento mínimo de 3 meses. Se analizan las características clínicas y resultados respecto de la desaparición de la incontinencia al esfuerzo como de la sensación subjetiva y satisfacción de las pacientes. Denominamos grupo 1 si la PAF>100; grupo 2 entre 61 y 100; y grupo 3 si la PAF<60. RESULTADOS: En el grupo 1 había 19 pacientes, 17 en el 2 y 16 en el 3. No existieron diferencias entre los 3 grupos respecto a la edad, paridad, menopausia, histerectomía, años de evolución, cirugía previa, presencia y grado de cistocele, asociación de colporrafia al TVT y tipo de anestesia utilizada. El grado clínico de Obrink aumentó a medida que disminuía la PAF (grado 3 en 26,32% del grupo 1; 31,58% del 2 y 68,71% del 3).La continencia al esfuerzo se consiguió en el 100% de las pacientes de los grupos 1 y 2, y en el 93,75% del grupo 3. La aparición de complicaciones, especialmente inestabilidad de novo o cuadros de urgencia-frecuencia así como la persistencia de inestabilidad en algunos casos de incontinencia mixta, hizo que el grado de satisfacción de las pacientes fuese del 79% en el grupo 1, 76,5% en el 2 y del 62,5% en el 3. CONCLUSIONES: La determinación de la PAF no parece influir en la decisión de implantar un TVT, pero sí permite diferenciar un grupo (PAF<60 cm de agua) cuyos resultados esperados son ligeramente peores

OBJECTIVE: To analyse our results about continence in the treatment of female urinary incontinence with the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure based on abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of the fifty two patients who had urodynamic study and abdominal leak point pressure determination and were operated on between 1999 and 2002 for stress urinary incontinence. Were viewed the data of clinical history, physical examination and urodynamic report, surgery, complications, and objective and subjective results. Those patients having ALPP>100 are included in group 1, between 61 and 100 in group 2 and less than 60 in group 3. RESULTS: There were 19 patients in group 1, 17 in group 2 and 16 in group 3. We found no difference between the three groups regarding age, delivery, menopause, hysterectomy, evolution, previous surgery, grade of cystocele, association of anterior colporraphy to TVT and type of anaesthesia. The Obrink clinical grade increased as the ALPP decreased (grade 3 in 26.32% of group 1, 31.58% in group 2 and 68.71% in group 3).100% of patients in groups 1 and 2 were continent with effort and 93.75% in group 3. Complications, especially denovo instability or urgency-frequency episodes or persistence of instability in patients having mixed incontinence, caused a decrease in the satisfaction degree to 79% in group 1, 76.5% in 2 and 62.5% in 3. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal leak point pressure determination does not change our decision of perform a TVT procedure but permits us to differentiate one group in which results could be worse

[Upper urinary tract tumours]. / Tumores de urotelio superior.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate diagnostic techniques, treatment and follow-up in 94 patients affected of upper urinary tract tumor. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From 1978 to december 2002 we operated 105 patients due to upper urinary tract tumor, although only 94 are valid for analysis. Mean age was 65 years and 85% were man. Haematuria was the most frequent symptom. RESULTS: Urography (93%), ecography (77%) and CT (67%) were the most used diagnostic techniques. Pelvic tumor was the most frequent (71%) and total nephroureterectomy including bladder cuff the chosen treatment (76.4%). Previous or simultaneous bladder tumor was observed in 23% cases and delayed in 30%. With a mean follow-up of 76 months the patient survival is 53%. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the high frequence of previous, simultaneous or delayed bladder tumors, the upper urinary tract tumor should be considered as a panurothelial disease, worsening the outcome of this kind of tumors.

Tumores de urotelio superior / Upper urinary tract tumours

OBJETIVOS: Evaluar los métodos diagnósticos empleados, el tratamiento y el seguimiento de los pacientes afectos de tumor de urotelio superior. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Desde 1978 hasta diciembre de 2002 han sido operados 105 pacientes afectos de tumor de urotelio superior, siendo válidos para el análisis 94. La edad media ha sido de 65 años, siendo el 85 por ciento varones. La hematuria fue el síntoma más frecuente de presentación. RESULTADOS: Se realizó UIV en el 93 por ciento de los pacientes, la ecografía en el 77 por ciento y el TAC en el 67 por ciento. Predominó el tumor piélico (71 por ciento) y el tratamiento mayoritario fue la nefroureterectomía total con resección del collarete vesical perimeatal (76,4 por ciento). El tumor vesical previo o simultáneo se constató en 22 casos (23,3 por ciento) y posterior en 28 casos (30 por ciento). Con un seguimiento medio de 76 meses, la supervivencia es del 53 por ciento. CONCLUSIONES: El tumor de urotelio superior debe considerarse como una enfermedad panurotelial debido a la alta frecuencia de tumor vesical previo, simultáneo o posterior, lo cual empeora aún más el pronóstico de esta enfermedad (AU)

[Corrective surgery of penile inward curvature]. / Cirugía correctora de la incurvación peneana.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the corporoplasty techniques performed on 59 patients to correct congenital penile curvature and Peyronie's disease. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From april 1991 to december 2001, 39 Nesbit technique, 12 Ruiz-Castañé method and 8 Essed-Schröeder procedure were performed on forty-four congenital curvatures and fifteen Peyronie's diseases. The mean age was 24 years old. Trying to hide the knots, in all patients except five a nonabsorbable inverting sutures were placed. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 12 months. Postoperatively, 53 patients (86%) had satisfactory cosmetic and functional results. Four patients of five with absorbable sutures had residual curvature which needed another successful surgical correction. One patient complained of penile shortening, one of glans hypoaesthesia, one of foreskin oedema and five of palpable plication sutures. No differences were found depending on the applied surgical technique. CONCLUSIONS: The results reported are in accordance with the literature showing a higher recurrence rate with the absorbable sutures. The outcome is very similar with the three described techniques.

Cirugía correctora de la incurvación peneana / Corrective surgery of penile curvature

OBJETIVOS: Evaluar las técnicas de corporoplastia aplicadas a 59 pacientes afectos de incurvación peneana, tanto congénita como adquirida. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Desde abril de 1991 hasta diciembre del 2001 se aplicaron 39 técnicas de Nesbit, 12 de Ruiz-Castañé y 8 de Essed-Schröeder en 44 pacientes con incurvación congénita y 15 con enfermedad de Peyronie (edad media de 25 años). En cinco casos se utilizó material reabsorbible y en el resto irreabsorbible, aplicando puntos invertidos para enterrar los nudos. RESULTADOS: Con un seguimiento medio de 12 meses se ha obtenido la corrección de la incurvación en el 86 por ciento de los casos. Cuatro de los cinco casos en que se utilizó material reabsorbible requirieron segunda intervención por reincurvación. Un caso de acortamiento de pene, otro de hipoestesia glandar, un edema prolongado prepucial y cinco casos de palparse los puntos fueron las complicaciones más reseñables. No se observaron diferencias en cuanto a resultados y complicaciones según la técnica empleada. CONCLUSIONES: Con las tres técnicas empleadas se ha obtenido un buen resultado cosmético y funcional, que coincide con las series publicadas en la literatura. Preferimos la sutura irreabsorbible para evitar el alto índice de reincurvaciones con el material absorbible (AU)

[Prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in elderly hypertensive patients in primary care]. / Prevalencia de hipotensión ortostática en ancianos hipertensos tratados en atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To find the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension (OH) and associated factors in elderly hypertensive patients in a primary care setting. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING: La Marina Health Centre (an urban centre in Santander). PATIENTS: A random sample of 295 patients aged 65 years or older regularly assisted from hypertension. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Measurements of sitting and standing blood pressure were obtained. Orthostatic hypotension was defined as 20 mmHg or greater decrease in systolic or 10 mmHg or greater decrease in diastolic blood pressure after 1-minute or 5-minute standing. Associated diseases, symptoms upon standing, medication use, habits and other clinical assessments were also recorded. The prevalence of OH was 14.6%. The prevalence of systolic OH after 1-minute (OH-S1) and after 5-minute (OH-S5) standing was 5.8% in both, and the diastolic OH was 5.1% after 1-minute (OH-D1) and 4.1% after 5-minute (OH-D5) standing. By logistic regression analysis, association between higher level of systolic blood pressure and global OH was found, also with the presence of orthostatic intolerance symptoms (although only 25.6% of the patients with OH showed symptoms) and smoking. Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers (different from dihydropyridines) use was associated with OH after 1-minute standing and smoking with OH after 5-minute standing. CONCLUSIONS: The detected prevalence is high and justifies the case finding of OH in elderly hypertensive patients in primary care. The symptoms of orthostatic intolerance are correlated with OH, but only 1 out of 4 patients showed symptoms. Smoking could be related with OH, so beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers (different from dihydropyridines) use.

Prevalencia de hipotensión ortostática en ancianos hipertensos tratados en atención primaria / Prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in elderly hypertensive patients in primary care

Objetivo. Conocer la prevalencia de hipotensión ortostática (HO) y los factores asociados en ancianos hipertensos tratados en atención primaria (AP).Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Emplazamiento. Centro de Salud La Marina (centro urbano en Santander).Pacientes. Una muestra aleatoria de 295 pacientes de 65 o más años atendidos regularmente por presentar hipertensión arterial (HTA).Mediciones y resultados principales. Se han obtenido cifras de presión arterial (PA) en sedestación y en bipedestación. La definición de HO utilizada ha sido: disminución de 20 mmHg o más en la PA sistólica (PAS) o de 10 mmHg o más en la PA diastólica (PAD), tras 1 o 5 minutos de bipedestación. También se han recogido datos sobre enfermedades asociadas, síntomas en bipedestación, medicación utilizada, hábitos de los pacientes y resultados de otras exploraciones clínicas. La prevalencia global encontrada de HO fue del 14,6 por ciento. La prevalencia de HO sistólica tras un minuto (HO-S1) y tras 5 minutos (HO-S5) de bipedestación ha sido del 5,8 por ciento en ambas, y la de HO diastólica del 5,1 por ciento tras un minuto (HO-D1) y del 4,1 por ciento tras 5 minutos (HO-D5) de bipedestación. En el análisis de regresión logística se encontró una asociación entre la existencia de HO global y la mayor elevación de la PA sistólica inicial, la presencia de síntomas de intolerancia ortostática (aunque sólo un 25,6 por ciento de los pacientes con HO presentaba síntomas) y el hábito tabáquico. Asimismo, se encontró una asociación con el uso de bloqueadores beta y antagonistas del calcio (diferentes de las dihidropiridinas) y la existencia de HO al minuto de bipedestación, y entre el consumo de tabaco y la HO a los 5 minutos de bipedestación. Conclusiones. La prevalencia detectada es alta y justifica la búsqueda sistemática de HO en los pacientes ancianos que son tratados de HTA en AP. La existencia de síntomas con el ortostatismo se relaciona con una mayor prevalencia de HO, pero sólo los presentó uno de cada 4 pacientes con HO. El consumo de tabaco podría estar relacionado con la presencia de HO, así como el uso de bloqueadores beta y antagonistas del calcio (diferentes de las dihidropiridinas).. (AU)