Satisfacción en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI): la opinión del paciente como piedra angular / Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Patient opinion as a cornerstone

OBJETIVO: Estudiar la concordancia entre los grados de satisfacción de los pacientes y sus familiares (ambos pertenecientes a un mismo núcleo familiar) en cuanto a los cuidados y atenciones proporcionados durante su estancia en la UCI. DISEÑO: Estudio transversal, observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo durante 5 meses. Ámbito: UCI del Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla de Santander. Sujetos: Pacientes mayores de 18 años con estancia mayor de 24h que fueron dados de alta de la UCI durante el período de estudio y familiares de dichos pacientes. Intervención: Instrumento: cuestionario FS-ICU 34 para evaluar la satisfacción de los familiares de pacientes ingresados en la UCI y adaptación de dicho cuestionario para el paciente. Se determina el grado de concordancia mediante el índice de kappa ponderado para muestras pareadas. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron todos los cuestionarios procedentes de un mismo núcleo familiar, obteniéndose un total de 148 pares de cuestionarios (296 encuestas). Se obtuvieron índices kappa que oscilaron entre 0,278 y 0,558, lo que indica grados de concordancia entre débiles y moderados. CONCLUSIONES: Los familiares de los pacientes ingresados en la UCI no pueden ser considerados unos representantes adecuados, al menos para el subgrupo de pacientes competentes. En estos casos debemos acudir a esos pacientes para conocer de primera mano sus sentimientos, percepciones y vivencias durante su estancia en la UCI. Solo cuando los pacientes no están en condiciones de participar activamente en el proceso asistencial debemos acudir a sus familias

OBJECTIVE: To study the agreement between the level of satisfaction of patients and their families referred to the care and attention received during admission to the ICU. DESIGN: A prospective, 5-month observational and descriptive study was carried out. SETTING: ICU of Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander (Spain). Subjects: Adult patients with an ICU stay longer than 24h, who were discharged to the ward during the period of the study, and their relatives. Intervention: Instrument: FS-ICU 34 for assessing family satisfaction, and an adaptation of the FS-ICU 34 for patients. The Cohen kappa index was calculated to assess agreement between answers. RESULTS: An analysis was made of the questionnaires from one same family unit, obtaining 148 pairs of surveys (296 questionnaires). The kappa index ranged between 0.278-0.558, which is indicative of mild to moderate agreement. CONCLUSIONS: The families of patients admitted to the ICU cannot be regarded as good proxies, at least for competent patients. In such cases, we must refer to these patients in order to obtain first hand information on their feelings, perceptions and experiences during admission to the ICU. Only when patients are unable to actively participate in the care process should their relatives be consulted

Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Patient opinion as a cornerstone. / Satisfacción en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI): la opinión del paciente como piedra angular.

OBJECTIVE: To study the agreement between the level of satisfaction of patients and their families referred to the care and attention received during admission to the ICU. DESIGN: A prospective, 5-month observational and descriptive study was carried out. SETTING: ICU of Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander (Spain). SUBJECTS: Adult patients with an ICU stay longer than 24h, who were discharged to the ward during the period of the study, and their relatives. INTERVENTION: Instrument: FS-ICU 34 for assessing family satisfaction, and an adaptation of the FS-ICU 34 for patients. The Cohen kappa index was calculated to assess agreement between answers. RESULTS: An analysis was made of the questionnaires from one same family unit, obtaining 148 pairs of surveys (296 questionnaires). The kappa index ranged between 0.278-0.558, which is indicative of mild to moderate agreement. CONCLUSIONS: The families of patients admitted to the ICU cannot be regarded as good proxies, at least for competent patients. In such cases, we must refer to these patients in order to obtain first hand information on their feelings, perceptions and experiences during admission to the ICU. Only when patients are unable to actively participate in the care process should their relatives be consulted.

Medición de la satisfacción de los pacientes ingresados en unidad de cuidados intensivos y sus familiares / Measuring the satisfaction of patients admitted to the intensive care unit and of their families

Objetivo: Conocer el grado de satisfacción de los familiares de los pacientes dados de alta de la UCI y el del propio paciente. Diseño: Estudio transversal, observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo durante 5 meses. Ámbito: UCI del Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla de Santander. Sujetos: Familiares y pacientes que fueron dados de alta de la UCI durante ese período. Intervención Instrumento: encuesta Family Satisfaction Intensive Care Unit (FS-ICU 34) para familiares de pacientes ingresados en UCI (que sobrevivieron o no) y adaptación de la FS-ICU en cuanto a cuidados se refiere, para el propio paciente. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 385 encuestas, 192 de familiares de supervivientes, 31 de familiares de fallecidos y 162 de pacientes. La mayor parte de los familiares encuestados estaban satisfechos con los cuidados recibidos y el proceso de decisiones (supervivientes: 83,46 ± 11,83 y 79,42 ± 13,58, respectivamente; fallecidos: 80,4 ± 17,27 y 79,61 ± 16,93, respectivamente). Los pacientes encuestados estaban muy satisfechos con los cuidados recibidos (84,71 ± 12,85). Conclusiones: El grado de satisfacción de los familiares y de los propios pacientes ingresados en la UCI es elevado. Aun así, existen varios puntos que deberían ser mejorados, como el ambiente de la sala de espera y el ambiente propio de la UCI en cuanto a ruido, intimidad e iluminación se refiere, así como algunos aspectos del proceso de toma de decisiones, entre ellos la esperanza suministrada acerca de la recuperación de su familiar

Objective: To determine the level of satisfaction of family members with the care and decision making process, and to know the level of satisfaction of patients discharged from ICU. Design: A prospective, observational and descriptive study with a duration of 5 months was carried out. Setting The ICU of Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander (Spain).Subjects Family members of adult patients admitted to the ICU and patients discharged to the ward. Intervention Instrument: Family Satisfaction Intensive Care Survey (FS-ICU 34) of family members of patients discharged to the ward. We adapted the FS-ICU 34 in relation to care for application to the patients. Results: A total of 385 questionnaires were obtained: 192 from families of survivors and 162 from patients, and 31 from relatives of non-survivors. The majority of relatives were satisfied with overall care and overall decision making (survivors: 83.46±11.83 and 79.42 ± 13.58, respectively; non-survivors: 80.41 ± 17.27 and 79.61 ± 16.93, respectively). Patients were very satisfied with the care received (84.71 ± 12.85). Conclusions: The level of satisfaction of the relatives of patients admitted to the ICU is high, in the same way as the degree of patient satisfaction. Still, there are several points that should be improved, such as the waiting room environment and the atmosphere of the ICU in terms of noise, privacy and lighting. In relation to the decision making process, there are also some aspects that may be improved, such as the provision of hope regarding recovery of the critically ill relative

Matriz de densidad espectral de color en la herniación cerebral / Color density spectral array in brain herniation

No disponible

[Measuring the satisfaction of patients admitted to the intensive care unit and of their families]. / Medición de la satisfacción de los pacientes ingresados en unidad de cuidados intensivos y sus familiares.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of satisfaction of family members with the care and decision making process, and to know the level of satisfaction of patients discharged from ICU. DESIGN: A prospective, observational and descriptive study with a duration of 5 months was carried out. SETTING: The ICU of Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander (Spain). SUBJECTS: Family members of adult patients admitted to the ICU and patients discharged to the ward. INSTRUMENT: Family Satisfaction Intensive Care Survey (FS-ICU 34) of family members of patients discharged to the ward. We adapted the FS-ICU 34 in relation to care for application to the patients. RESULTS: A total of 385 questionnaires were obtained: 192 from families of survivors and 162 from patients, and 31 from relatives of non-survivors. The majority of relatives were satisfied with overall care and overall decision making (survivors: 83.46 ± 11.83 and 79.42 ± 13.58, respectively; non-survivors: 80.41 ± 17.27 and 79.61 ± 16.93, respectively). Patients were very satisfied with the care received (84.71 ± 12.85). CONCLUSIONS: The level of satisfaction of the relatives of patients admitted to the ICU is high, in the same way as the degree of patient satisfaction. Still, there are several points that should be improved, such as the waiting room environment and the atmosphere of the ICU in terms of noise, privacy and lighting. In relation to the decision making process, there are also some aspects that may be improved, such as the provision of hope regarding recovery of the critically ill relative.

Utilidad de la matriz de densidad espectral del sistema de índice biespectral bilateral en la monitorización del status epilepticus no convulsivo / Usefulness of the bispectral index system density spectral array in monitoring non-convulsive status epilepticus

No disponible

Hospital mortality prognostication in sepsis using the new biomarkers suPAR and proADM in a single determination on ICU admission.

PURPOSE: The soluble form of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and proadrenomedullin (proADM) are two new and promising sepsis biomarkers. We assessed the prognostic value of a single determination of proADM and suPAR, comparing them with C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), and evaluating whether their addition to severity scores (APACHE II and SOFA) could improve their prognostic accuracy. METHODS: A single-centre prospective observational study conducted in an adult intensive care department at Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital in Spain. APACHE II and SOFA scores, CRP, PCT, suPAR and proADM levels on the day of ICU admission were collected. RESULTS: A total of 137 consecutive septic patients were studied. The best area under the curve (AUC) for the prediction of in-hospital mortality was for APACHE II (0.82) and SOFA (0.75) scores. The ROC curve for suPAR yielded an AUC of 0.67, higher than proADM (0.62), CRP (0.50) and PCT (0.44). Significant dose-response trends were found between hospital mortality and suPAR (OR Q4 = 4.83, 95% CI 1.60-14.62) and pro-ADM (OR Q4 = 3.00, 95% CI 1.06-8.46) quartiles. Non-significant associations were found for PCT and CRP. The combination of severity scores and each biomarker did not provide superior AUCs. CONCLUSIONS: SuPAR and, to a lesser extent, proADM levels on ICU admission were better tools in prognosticating in-hospital mortality than CRP or PCT. However, neither of the two new biomarkers has been demonstrated to be excessively useful in the current setting. The prognostic accuracy was better for severity scores than for any of the biomarkers.

[The value of topiramate used with conventional schemes as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]. / Utilidad del topiramato como terapia añadida a esquemas convencionales para el síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut.

INTRODUCTION: Lennox Gastaut syndrome (LGS), which appears in children aged between 2 and 8 years old, is characterised by a triad of epileptic seizures with different patterns, variable degrees of mental retardation, an electroencephalogram (EEG) with slow spike wave complexes at 1.5 4 Hz and bursts of rapid centrotemporal activity, with a variable response in the control of the epileptic seizures. It requires polytherapy with associations between conventional and new antiepileptic drugs, including topiramate, with variable results in the control of seizures, especially in this syndrome, which has no known response in Mexico. Aim. To determine how it responds when topiramate (TPM) is associated with another antiepileptic drug, in order to diminish the recurrence of seizures by 50% and to improve the quality of life of Mexican children. METHOD: The study was conducted in a sample of 15 children aged between 2 and 15 years old who had been diagnosed as suffering from LGS and who used more than three conventional antiepileptic drugs. After obtaining prior authorisation from the person in charge, the frequency, duration and clinical patterns of the seizures were evaluated. Since the dosages used and the serum levels, which should be within those considered to be therapeutic, were already known for each of the subjects, we administered a Quolie 10 survey before beginning with TPM. Those who presented no modifications in the frequency and duration of the seizures over a two month period were included and treatment began gradually with 2 mg/kg/day and rose to 10 mg/kg/day as the maximum dosage. Once the frequency and duration had diminished by more than 50%, the decision was made to stop more than two antiepileptic drugs, but preferably to continue with the valproic acid. The result obtained from 15 children was a remission in over 50% of the cases and an improvement in the quality of life of the children, despite the fact that the duration ranged from six months to a year. CONCLUSION: In this group of patients TPM is useful for the control or remission of seizures and, consequently, we suggest it should be administered in the Mexican population associated with valproic acid or new antiepileptic drugs.

Utilidad del topiramato como terapia añadida a esquemas convencionales para el síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut / The value of topiramate used with conventional schemes as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

Introducción. El síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut (SLG), presente entre los 2 y 8 años, se caracteriza por una tríada de crisis epilépticas de diversos patrones, un retraso mental de grado variable, un electroencefalograma (EEG) con complejos de punta-onda lenta de 1,5-4 Hz y trenes de actividad rápida centrotemporal, con una respuesta variable en el control de las crisis epilépticas. Requiere politerapia con asociaciones de antiepilépticos convencionales y nuevos, entre ellos el topiramato, con resultados variables para el control de las crisis, particularmente en este síndrome, donde se desconoce una respuesta en México. Objetivo. Conocer su respuesta al asociar topiramato (TPM) a otro antiepiléptico, para disminuir en más del 50 por ciento la recurrencia de las crisis y mejorar la calidad de vida en los niños mexicanos. Desarrollo. Se incluyeron 15 niños con edades comprendidas entre los 2 y 15 años de edad, con diagnóstico de SLG, y en quienes se utilizaron más de tres drogas antiepilépticas convencionales, en los que tras una previa autorización del responsable se evaluó la frecuencia, duración y los patrones clínicos de las crisis. Conociendo la dosis utilizada y los niveles séricos de cada uno de ellos, que deberían estar dentro de los terapéuticos, realizamos, antes de iniciar TPM, un cuestionario Quolie 10. Se incluyeron los que durante dos meses no presentaron modificaciones en la frecuencia y duración de las crisis, para iniciar gradualmente a partir de 2 mg/kg/día e incrementar hasta 10 mg/kg/día de dosis máxima. Una vez disminuyó la frecuencia y duración en más del 50 por ciento, se decidió suspender más de dos antiepilépticos, pero manteniendo preferentemente el ácido valproico. Los resultados que se obtuvieron en 15 niños fue de remisión en más del 50 por ciento de los casos y una mejoría de la calidad de vida de los niños, a pesar de que la duración varía de seis meses a un año. Conclusión. En este grupo de pacientes es útil el TPM para el control o remisión de las crisis, en consecuencia, se sugiere su administración en la población mexicana asociado con ácido valproico o nuevos antiepilépticos (AU)

Introduction. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), which appears in children aged between 2 and 8 years old, is characterised by a triad of epileptic seizures with different patterns, variable degrees of mental retardation, an electroencephalogram (EEG) with slow spike-wave complexes at 1.5-4 Hz and bursts of rapid centrotemporal activity, with a variable response in the control of the epileptic seizures. It requires polytherapy with associations between conventional and new antiepileptic drugs, including topiramate, with variable results in the control of seizures, especially in this syndrome, which has no known response in Mexico. Aim. To determine how it responds when topiramate (TPM) is associated with another antiepileptic drug, in order to diminish the recurrence of seizures by 50% and to improve the quality of life of Mexican children. Method. The study was conducted in a sample of 15 children aged between 2 and 15 years old who had been diagnosed as suffering from LGS and who used more than three conventional antiepileptic drugs. After obtaining prior authorisation from the person in charge, the frequency, duration and clinical patterns of the seizures were evaluated. Since the dosages used and the serum levels, which should be within those considered to be therapeutic, were already known for each of the subjects, we administered a Quolie 10 survey before beginning with TPM. Those who presented no modifications in the frequency and duration of the seizures over a two-month period were included and treatment began gradually with 2 mg/kg/day and rose to 10 mg/kg/day as the maximum dosage. Once the frequency and duration had diminished by more than 50%, the decision was made to stop more than two antiepileptic drugs, but preferably to continue with the valproic acid. The result obtained from 15 children was a remission in over 50% of the cases and an improvement in the quality of life of the children, despite the fact that the duration ranged from six months to a year. Conclusion. In this group of patients TPM is useful for the control or remission of seizures and, consequently, we suggest it should be administered in the Mexican population associated with valproic acid or new antiepileptic drugs (AU)

La disfunción familiar como predisponente de la enfermedad mental. ¿Existe tal asociación? / Family disfunction as a predisposing of mental disorders. is there any association between them?

Objetivos. El objetivo principal es conocer la relación entre la disfunción familiar y la presencia de trastorno mental. El objetivo secundario es conocer la prevalencia y la distribución de los principales tipos de patología mental en la población atendida en atención primaria. Diseño y emplazamiento. Estudio descriptivo y transversal realizado en 6 consultas de medicina de familia de un área básica de salud semiurbana. Método. Se seleccionaron 280 sujetos mediante muestreo aleatorio sistemático de los que acudieron espontáneamente a la consulta. Mediante entrevista se recogieron las variables de estudio: dinámica familiar (medida mediante el test de APGAR familiar), estructura familiar, variables sociodemográficas y presencia de trastorno mental detectado mediante la Mini International Neuropsyquiatric Interview (MINI-DSM IV). Resultados. Aceptaron participar 264 sujetos. Un 64,4 por ciento era mujer y la media de edad fue de 45,6 años (DE, 16,7). Se detectó patología mental en 87 participantes (33 por ciento), siendo la patología más frecuente trastorno de ansiedad generalizada, distimia y depresión mayor. Se encontró alteración de la dinámica familiar en 32 personas (12,3 por ciento). No se observaron diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de presentación de patología mental entre el grupo con disfunción familiar y el resto. Conclusiones. Los trastornos de salud mental son frecuentes entre los pacientes que acuden a las consultas de atención primaria. No encontramos asociación entre las alteraciones de la dinámica familiar y los trastornos de salud mental, lo que podría deberse a la dificultad para detectar disfunción familiar con el test de APGAR (AU)

[Family dysfunction as predisposing factor of mental disease. Does that relationship exist?]. / La disfunción familiar como predisponente de la enfermedad mental. Existe tal asociación?

OBJECTIVES: The purpose is to describe the relationship between family disfunction and mental disorder. The secondary objective is to know the prevalence and distribution of mental disorders in primary care attended population. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary care setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Random sample was selected over 280 subjects from consultant population. The variables (family function, family structure, social and economic conditions and mental disorders) were collected through interview. APGAR test and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview test were performed. RESULTS: 264 patients were finally included (64% women). Mean age was 45.6 years (SD 16.7). Mental disorders were detected in 87 patients (33%). The most prevalent disorders were generalized anxiety disorder, dysthymia and major depression, family disfunction was found in 32 patients (12.3%). Prevalence of mental disorders wasn't statistically different in the group with family disfunction. CONCLUSION: Mental disorders are a common problem between primary care attended population. There wasn't any association between family disfunction and mental disorders, because of the limitations in the APGAR test in detecting family disfunction.