RESUMO
Computer-generated notes (CGNs) created on a laptop computer can both improve your clinical skills in the examining room and enhance patient care. Myriad gains can be realized from the use of CGNs, from the elimination of illegible and ambiguous handwritten records to improved follow-up and patient management. This article guides the reader through the hardware and software requirements for setting up CGNs, as well as basic instructions for creating your own CGN files.
Assuntos
Competência Clínica , Sistemas Computadorizados de Registros Médicos , Microcomputadores , Análise Custo-Benefício , Assistentes Médicos/normas , Técnicas de Planejamento , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Adaptação Psicológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Lignanas , Panax , Plantas Medicinais , Compostos Policíclicos/farmacologia , Animais , Temperatura Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura Baixa , Ciclo-Octanos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Respiração/efeitos dos fármacos , Restrição Física , Estresse Psicológico/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Electrophysiological recording was conducted using the intact tibiotarsal nerve of the left hind leg of adult male rats before and after subplantar injections of three different phlogistic agents or saline vehicle in the left hind paw. In three-hour recordings, peak neural activity as activated by 5 g of pressure to the injected paw was reached in 90 min (dextran), 120 min (brewer's yeast) and 150 min (carrageenan). The least neural hyperactivity was seen with dextran, while yeast and carrageenan produced comparably high degrees of hyperactivity. Neurograms were also studied in rats receiving orally administered prototype anti-inflammatory agents or chlorpromazine 1 hr before carrageenan was injected pedally. Chlorpromazine HCl pretreatment (100 mg/kg) exerted the greatest protective effect with the nadir of neural activity seen at 90-120 min. The nadir for phenylbutazone (100 mg/kg) was at 60-120 min, indomethacin (10 mg/kg) at 60-90 min and aspirin (300 mg/kg) at 45-90 min. Despite these temporal differences, the protective effects of these three anti-inflammatory agents were statistically equivalent at the doses tested. Hydrocortisone alcohol (20 mg/kg) provided a significant reduction in hyperactivity at 30-60 min but the duration was much shorter than the other agents which showed protective effects through to the end of the 180-min observation period.
Assuntos
Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Carragenina , Eletrofisiologia , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Ratos , Nervo Tibial/fisiopatologiaAssuntos
Alcoolismo/terapia , Clordiazepóxido/uso terapêutico , Hidroxizina/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/tratamento farmacológico , Tremor/fisiopatologia , Alcoolismo/complicações , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Método Duplo-Cego , Eletromiografia/métodos , Humanos , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/complicações , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/fisiopatologia , Tremor/etiologiaRESUMO
A simple, inexpensive heating circuit is described for use with a warmed microscope stage, small tissue bath, and heated tissue culture chamber. A major consideration in the design of the apparatus is a compatability with electrophysiological studies. Thus, proper shielding and low profile for microelectrode positioning are featured.
