Procedural errors detected by cone beam tomography in cases with indication for retreatment: in vivo cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the frequency and type of endodontic procedural errors in cases indicated for retreatment through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 96 CBCT scans, encompassing 122 permanent teeth with fully formed roots. Errors included perforation, instrument fracture, canal transportation, missed canals, and inadequate apical limit of filling. Additionally, potential risk factors were analyzed and subjected to statistical modeling. Results: The most frequent procedural error observed was the inadequate apical limit of filling, followed by canal transportation, perforation, missed canal, and instrument fracture. Statistically significant associations were identified between various procedural errors and specific factors. These include canal transportation and root canal wall, with the buccal wall being the most commonly affected; missed canal and tooth type, particularly the palatine and second mesiobuccal canal canals; inadequate apical limit of filling and root curvature, showing a higher deviation to the mesial direction in severely curved canals; inadequate apical limit of filling and the presence of calcifications, with underfilling being the most frequent; canal transportation and periapical lesion, notably with deviation to the buccal direction; and the direction of perforation and periapical lesion, most frequently occurring to buccal direction. Conclusions: CBCT emerges as a valuable tool in identifying procedural errors and associated factors, crucial for their prevention and management.

[Experiences and impact of an ethics of research training.] / Experiencias y repercusión de una formación en ética de investigación.

This article has the purpose to describe achievements and impact of the ethics of research training at the Interdisciplinary Center for Studies on Bioethics of the University of Chile, which has served as incentive, motivation and guide for professionals which require knowledge, regulations application and dialogue skills to reflect on problems of this discipline. Furthermore, it describes how this knowledge generates a multiplying effect in aspects such as participation in scientific ethical review committees, course organization and the creation and development of research lines, which generate publications by post degree students. It also narrates didactic contents and strategies which could be applied in ethics and bioethics courses for oral health students and concludes mentioning practical applications of this training for teaching, research and institutional development.

INCLUSION DE LA ETICA Y BIOETICA EN LA FORMACION DE PRE Y POSGRADO DEL CIRUJANO-DENTISTA EN PERU.

This article focuses on the need to examine the graduate and postgraduate studies of the surgeon-dentist in Peru. The presence of an ethic normative in scientific investigation generated by the University is analysed from the training of the professor's point of view. The paper also focuses on the knowledge and attitudes entailed with ethics and bioethics in the odontologist's shaping.The paper deduces that a change of paradigm is an engagement that has to be encouraged through a massive movement that should involve family and academic contours aiming at integrating ethical refection in our daily proceedings.