[Morphological characteristics of the lymphoid tissues in the newborn children]. / Morfologicheskie osobennosti limfoidnykh struktur u novorozhdennykh detei.

Quantitative and qualitative analysis and statistical processing of thymus, trachea, duodenum ileum, coecum and appendix in newborns demonstrated that by the moment of birth peripheral immunogenesis organs were not equally formed due to peculiarities of their function in postnatal ontogenesis. Lymphoid nodules were absent in tracheal mucosa and adjacent lymph nodes showed loss of lymphoid noules aswell. However intensive formation of lymphoid structures took place in the walls of the gut, especially large intestine. The appendix, lymphoid tissue of which was not, in fact, developed at all, made an exception.

[Comparative characteristics of cellular composition of the lymphoid structure of various regions of the human intestine in early childhood]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika kletochnogo sostava limfoidnykh struktur raznykh otdelov kishki cheloveka v 1-m detskom vozraste.

Using microscopic methods and statistic analysis lymphoid structures of large and small intestine walls and appendix were studied in 4-7 years children. The highest cell reproductive activity was detected in duodenal walls being slightly lower in appendix and group lymphoid vessels. The highest ratio of plasma cells was found in duodenum, ileal lymphoid patches and cecum, where the index was 7-fold higher than index of appendix and ileum. Lamina propria of intestinal mucosa is characterized by small fraction of mitotically dividing cells and undifferentiated cell forms, especially in cecum walls. However, the latter shows the greatest percentage of plasma cells.

[The effect of physical loads of differing intensities on the lymphoid tissue elements of the thymus and spleen]. / Vliianie fizicheskikh nagruzok razlichnoi intensivnosti na nekotorye élementy limfoidnoi tkani timusa i selezenki.

The amounts of blast, large lymphocytes and mitotically divided cells were histologically and morphometrically studied in the thymus and spleen in 24 BALB/c female mice during exercises of varying intensity which were induced by swimming and during restricted mobility. The latter was found to cause a greater increase in the above cells in the spleen. The similar changes, though less pronounced, were noted in the thymus during intensive exercises. Moderate exercises and restricted mobility led to a reduction of the number of divided cells in the thymus, but doubled blasts and large lymphocytes.

[Regional graft vs host reaction to H-Y antigen (immunological mechanisms)]. / Regionarnaia reaktsiia "transplantat protiv khoziaina" na H-Y antigen (immunologicheskie mekhanizmy).

Structural changes in the regional popliteal lymph nodes have been studied in C57Bl/6 male mice at the peak of the reaction "graft-versus-host" to H-Y antigen. Morphological and morphometrical investigations have been carried out in three groups of males (10 animals in each group). The first group includes intact animals (the first control group). To the males of the second group (the second control group) lymphoid cells are inoculated from intact C57Bl/6 females. To the males of the third group (experimental group) lymphoid cells are inoculated from H-Y antigen immunized C57Bl/6 females (anti-H-Y effector lymphocytes). The popliteal lymph nodes of the male mice from the third group twice increase in their size comparing to those in the control (the first and the second groups). Miotic activity increases in them 4.5 times, amount of cellular blast forms in medullary cords--4 times and 10 times--in the light zone of the cortical substance. Ratio of macrophages and eosinophils in structural components of the lymph nodes studied changes; this is, evidently, connected with massive destructive progresses, that take place in the lymph nodes of the animals from the third group. The results of the morphological investigations are in agreement with the hypothesis suggested, explaining the mechanism of development of the regional reaction "graft-versus-host" to H-Y antigen, basing on idiotype-antiidiotype interaction (the idiotypic network in the immune system).

[Structural changes in popliteal lymph nodes in the graft vs. host reaction to H-Y antigen in male C57BL/6-strain mice]. / Strukturnye izmeneniia v podkolennom limfaticheskom uzle pri reaktsii "transplantat protiv khoziana" na H-Y-antigen u samtsov myshei linii C57BL/6.

Regional popliteal lymph nodes in intact, control and experimental (I, II, III groups, respectively) have been studied by means of the morphometric method in male C57Bl/6 line mice at the pick of the reaction produced by injection of spleen cells and mesenteric lymph nodes obtained from syngenic females and repeatedly immunized to H-Y antigen (10 animals in each group). Injection of the cell suspensions from the immunized and intact females of the C57Bl/6 mice result nearly in two-fold increasing mass of the regional popliteal node at the expense of enlarged size of all its zones. Changes in cytoarchitectonics of the node structural components result from redistribution of certain cellular elements. The essential changes in the cell composition of the lymph nodes in the II and III male groups are accompanied with an increasing part of the stromal reticular cells. Simultaneously, content of small lymphocytes decreases significantly. In the III group of mice there is a sharp increase in the content of young forms of the lymphoid line cells in all structural components of the node, as well as in eosinophilic granulocytes in medullary cords. In the dark cortical zone of the nodes (III group) there occur tissue basophils (mast cells), that, together with increasing number of acidophilic granulocytes and appearance of neutrophilic cells, demonstrates that there is an inflammatory reaction in the organ studied as a response to the lymphocytic suspension injected. In the experimental group of the animals a complete disappearance of plasma cells is noted in the node cortex, but some increase of their part takes place in the medullary cords.

[Features of the structure of the regional lymph nodes of the duodenum in monkeys]. / Osobennosti stroeniia regionarnykh limfaticheskikh uzlov 12-perstnoi kishki u obez'ian.

By means of morphometric methods, duodenal regional lymph nodes were studied in rhesus and lapunder macaques. It was demonstrated that in monkeys the connective tissue framework, cortical plateau, medullary substance, cortical substance, sinuses and follicles are expressed differently. Cellular elements in the lymph nodes analysed in the monkeys subjected to a comparative investigation demonstrated their uneven distribution in the same structural components. Small lymphocytes were predominate cellular elements. There were rather essential differences in the number of plasmic cells, mitotically dividing cells, acidophilic granulocytes, mast cells and macrophages. Certain species differences were demonstrated to exist both in structure and cell composition of the lymph nodes that seemed to depend on some local peculiarities of immunogenic reactions.

[Ileo-colonic lymph nodes in macaques and pavians of different ages]. / Podvzdoshno-obodochnye limfaticheskie uzly u makakov i pavianov razlichnogo vozrasta.

Quantitative and qualitative alterations occurring in various structural components of the ileocolonic lymph nodes of Papio hamadryas at the age of 3.5 months and 5 years and Macaca rhesus at the age of 5 years were studied by means of mathematical methods. Cellular composition was counted in every histological preparation per 1,000 cells in cortical plateau, in myelin cords, in follicles with light centers and in follicles without light centers. Part (in %) of every cell variety was determined, as well as correlation of different structural components of the lymph nodes. Construcgion and cytoarchitectonics of the ileocolonic lymph nodes were stated to depend on the age of monkeys and their systematic differences.

[Alteration of the construction and cellular composition of ileo-colonic lymph nodes of rhesus macaques after administration of salmonella vaccine]. / Izmeneniia konstruktsii i kletochnogo sostava podvzdoshno-obodochnykh limfaticheskikh uzlov makakov rezusov posle vvedeniia sal'monelleznoi vaktsiny.

In stained histological sections, percentage ratio of areas to different cellular elements in structural components of the ileocolonic lymph nodes was studied in mature Macaca rhesus, normal and after injection of salmonella vaccine. A rather considerable reaction in all structural components and cell composition of the lymph nodes was demonstrated as a response to immunization of the animals. These changes were demonstrated in decreased area occupied by the cortical substance and in increased area occupied by the medullar substance of the lymph node. In the cortical substance, together with decrease in the cortical plateau, total number of folliculi rises with formation of light centers in them. Calculation of cellular elements revealed that in the cortical substance cytopoietic function was inhibited; that was expressed in decreasing mitoses and blast forms in the cells. Most drastic alterations occur in myelin cords of the lymph nodes. Together with increasing area, a considerable reaction of acidophilic leucocytes, premature plasma cells and macrophages is observed. Their number increases notably.

[Cellular composition of the lymph nodes of monkeys (rhesus macaque) under normal and experimental conditions]. / Kletochnyi sostav limfaticheskikh uzlov obez'ian (makaka rezusa) v norme i v éksperimente.

By means of mathematical methods, quantitative and qualitative changes were studied in different structural components of the mesenteric (ileocecal) lymph nodes in normal monkeys (Macaca rhesus) and under per os administration of Salmonella typhi murium, streptomycin-dependent. Cellular composition was calculated in the cortical plateau, cortical (lymphoid) cords and in follicules. Average percent of every cell type was determined. Vaccine administration, was stated to inhibit cytopoiesis in the cortical plateau and in the follicules with light centers. An inverse correlation was noted between the content of small and medium size lymphocytes. Different reactivity of certain structural components in the lymph nodes was demonstrated. As a response to the vaccine administration, plasmocellular acidophilic and macrophagal reactions were most pronounced in the cortical (lymphoid) cords.

[Cytological structure of the lymph nodes after administration of foreign protein]. / Tsitoarkhitektonika limfaticheskikh uzlov pri vvedenii chuzherodnogo belka

Changes in the cellular compositon of popliteal lymphatic nodes of albino rats were studied in normality and after injection of a foreign protein. Allergic inflammation was caused by injection of 0,25 ml of the horse serum. Observations were made on the 1, 3, 8, 19 and 30 days after the beginning of experiment. The cellular composition was counted in 30 visual fileds in the cortical plateu, follicles and myelinated cords. The average percentage of cellular elements has been determined. It has been shown that the reticular cells have less changes as compared with other cells in response to antigen stimulation. An inverse correlative relationship was noted between small and medium-sized lymphocytes. The greatest percentage of plasmic cells was noted in myelinated cords; in the follicles they are found as solitary units. In the primary immunization the cellular composition of follicles was little changed as compared with the cellular composition of the cortical and medullary substance. The cellular reaction was most pronounced in myelinated cords. Thus, the investigation of the cellular composition of different structure components of the rat's lymphatic nodes after injection of the foreign protein has revealed a different degree of their reaction.