Timing of Surgical Intervention of Uncomplicated Pediatric Umbilical Hernias.

Pediatric umbilical hernias are common congenital defects that regularly close without intervention. When spontaneous closure fails to occur, surgical herniorrhaphy is the standard of care. However, there are currently no national consensus guidelines describing the appropriate minimum age of surgical intervention for umbilical hernias. While many institutions recommend waiting until at least 4 years of age, others perform surgical intervention in younger children or base the timing of intervention on defect size. This paper aims to review the current literature and provide a recommendation for the timing of surgical referrals, including evaluating and weighing the risks associated with early operative intervention versus watchful waiting. Complications of untreated umbilical hernias are highly uncommon, with 1:1500 leading to incarceration of abdominal contents, and even fewer resulting in strangulation of the bowel. Comparatively, 12.3% of patients under 4 years old who undergo herniorrhaphy experience postoperative complications. Umbilical hernia repair younger than age 2 years is also associated with higher costs and higher rates of postoperative hospitalization and emergency room encounters. We recommend watchful waiting for uncomplicated pediatric umbilical hernia until 4 years of age and referral to a pediatric surgeon for those that fail to close beyond this.

Poorly differentiated carcinoma arising in a Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland: pathogenesis, histopathology, and surgical management of malignant Warthin's tumors.

Warthin's tumor is a benign lymphoepithelial neoplasm representing 10 per cent of all parotid gland tumors. Malignant transformation of a Warthin's tumor is an extremely rare event. We report a case of a patient with poorly differentiated carcinoma arising from a Warthin's tumor, as well as review the pathogenesis, histopathology, and surgical management of malignant Warthin's tumors.

Coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is a platelet aggregation disorder resulting from a functional loss of platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa. First described by Dr. Glanzmann in 1918, the disorder is characterized clinically by mucocutaneous bleeding and physiologically by absent platelet aggregation to collagen, epinephrine, and adenosine diphosphate stimulation. While there are multiple reports of patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia undergoing surgery, to our knowledge there has been no report of a patient with Glanzmann's undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. We present the first such report of a patient who successfully underwent operative coronary artery revascularization, and offer suggestions for future management of these patients.