Effect of a helium and oxygen mixture on physiological parameters of rats with cerebral arterial air embolism.

Introduction: Cerebral arterial air embolism (CAE) is a serious and potentially dangerous condition that can interrupt the blood supply to the brain and cause stroke. One of the promising gas mixtures for emergency treatment of air embolism is an oxygen-helium mixture. Methods: We modeled CAE in awake rats by injecting air into the common carotid artery. Immediately after CAE, animals were either untreated or underwent hyperbaria, oxygen inhalation, heated air inhalation, or helium-oxygen mixture inhalation. Body temperature, locomotor activity, respiratory and cardiovascular parameters were monitored in the animals before CAE modeling, and 3 and 24 h after CAE modeling. Results: After 3 hours of CAE modeling in awake rats, depression of the nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as decreased body temperature were observed. 24 h after CAE modeling multifocal cerebral ischemia was observed. Normobaric helium-oxygen mixture inhalation, on par with hyperbaric treatment, restored body temperature, locomotor activity, respiratory volume, respiratory rate, and blood pressure 3 hours after CAE, and prevented the formation of ischemic brain damage lesions 24 h after CAE. Discussion: Thus, inhalation of a heated oxygen-helium gas mixture (O2 30% and He 70%) immediately after CAE improves the physiological condition of the animals and prevents the foci of ischemic brain damage formation.

Discerning Comparison of 1 and 0.5% Ethylene Glycol in Sprague-Dawley Rats with Modeled Urolithiasis.

A common method of modeling urolithiasis is the use of 1 and 0.75% ethylene glycol, or a combination of ethylene glycol with other lithogens, but too rapid progression of the disease and multiple organ toxicity have been reported. We developed a urolithiasis model in Sprague-Dawley rats, in which the animals received a relatively low concentration of ethylene glycol (0.5%), but for a long-term period (6 weeks) followed by animal observation during the 6-week recovery period. In urine samples, signs of the urolithiasis development were observed starting from the sixth week: the presence of ketones, decrease in diuresis and urine pH; in the blood, urea, protein, and hematocrit were elevated. However, no leukocytes were detected in the urine; in the blood, no shifts in differential leukocyte count and no elevation in ALT, creatinine, cholesterol, and triglycerides were observed, which indicates the absence of multiple organ failure while using 1% ethylene glycol. In addition, the animals receiving 0.5% ethylene glycol were followed up to 12 weeks in contrast to animals receiving 1% ethylene glycol (the experiment in this case was stopped during the third week for ethical reasons).

In vivo Proinflammatory Cytokine Production by CD-1 Mice in Response to Equipotential Doses of Rhodobacter capsulatus PG and Salmonella enterica Lipopolysaccharides.

The capacities of relatively nontoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rhodobacter capsulatus PG and highly potent LPS from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to evoke proinflammatory cytokine production have been compared in vivo. Intravenous administration of S. enterica LPS at a relatively low dose (1 mg/kg body weight) led to upregulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ production by non-sensitized CD-1 mice. LPS from R. capsulatus PG used at a four-times higher dose than that from S. enterica elicited production of almost the same amount of systemic TNF-α; therefore, the doses of 4 mg/kg LPS from R. capsulatus PG and 1 mg/kg LPS from S. enterica were considered to be approximately equipotential doses with respect to the LPS-dependent TNF-α production by CD-1 mice. Rhodobacter capsulatus PG LPS was a weaker inducer of the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ, as compared to the equipotential dose of S. enterica LPS. Administration of R. capsulatus PG LPS before S. enterica LPS decreased production of IFN-γ, but not of TNF-α and IL-6, induced by S. enterica LPS. Rhodobacter capsulatus PG LPS also suppressed IFN-γ production induced by S. enterica LPS when R. capsulatus PG LPS had been injected as little as 10 min after S. enterica LPS, but to a much lesser extent. Rhodobacter capsulatus PG LPS did not affect TNF-α and IL-6 production induced by the equipotential dose of S. enterica LPS. In order to draw conclusion on the endotoxic activity of particular LPSs, species-specific structure or arrangement of the animal or human immune systems should be considered.

Dihydroquercetin Does Not Affect Age-Dependent Increase in Blood Pressure and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Activity in the Aorta of Hypertensive Rats.

We analyzed changes in angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the aorta of hypertensive SHR rats against the background of age-related BP increase (from week 7 to 14) and the effect of dihydroquercetin on BP rise and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. Normotensive WKY rats of the same age were used as the control. BP and activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the aorta of SHR rats increased with age. Dihydroquercetin in doses of 100 and 300 µg/kg per day had no effect on the increase of these parameters; dihydroquercetin administered to 14-week-old WKY rats in a dose of 300 µg/kg reduced activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. Thus, the early (7-14 weeks) increase in BP and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the aorta of SHR rats was not modified by flavonoids (dihydroquercetin) in contrast to other rat strains and humans, which is indicative of specificity of hypertension mechanism in SHR rats.

[Thermodynamic behaviour and conformational changes of alcohol oxidase of yeasts Hansenula polymorpha].

We studied influence of heating, ethanol and sodium azide on the structural and conformational changes of the alcohol oxidase from yeast Hansenula polymorpha. The increase of fluorescence of alcohol oxidase -cofactor, flavin adenine dinucleotide, was revealed when heated to 60 degrees C while the enzymatic activity of alcohol oxidase remained unchanged. Differential scanning microcalorimetry revealed that ethanol stabilized the protein structure and increased the temperature of melting, Based on the data of circular dichroism, we concluded that the percentage of helicities in the secondary structure of alcohol oxidase was not influenced by both ethanol and sodium azide, however ethanol significantly modified the circular dichroism spectrum associated with the tertiary structure of alcohol oxidase.

[Abolishment of the categories of discrepancy between diagnoses is a time dictate].

By taking into account the fact that the percentage and category of a diagnosis discrepancy (DD) are used as one of the criteria of the health care quality control system, rather than used to set up a quality management system, it becomes more evident that we should agree to the proposal by Prof. I. A. Kazantseva that it is inexpedient to use DD categories, which simultaneously excludes them from the criteria for assessing the quality of health care delivered in the therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions. For this, Appendix No. 7 to the 4 April, 1983 Order No. 375 "On further improvement of postmortem service in the country" in the part concerning the grouping of DD into categories should be officially recognized invalid. The pathologist's duty should be to state "coincidence" or "discrepancy" of diagnosis and the KILI, LKK, or KEK should elucidate reasons for DD as done at the Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, with the further reflection being given in the autopsy protocol.

[Legal regulation of pathoanatomic activity].

Knowledge of the laws, article 54, the law of 22.07.1993, N.5487-1 helps regulate the legal activity of the pathology service.

[The stimulation of the vitreous body hyalocytes in an experiment]. / Stimuliatsiia gialotsitov steklovidnogo tela v éksperimente.

Loss of vitreous volume as a result of injury or surgical intervention leads to death of the eye. The authors developed a method for hyalocyte culturing on the glass in culture medium. Culture medium was as follows (100 ml): 50 ml medium 199, 30 ml lactate albumin hydrolysate, and 20 ml human serum, group IV. Vitreous cells were collected from rabbit eyes. Primary and secondary growth zones were distinguished in the course of culture growth. Morphologically intact rabbit hyalocytes in the culture were polymorphous. These results may indicate a possibility of transplanted culture development in a live eye.

[Morphogenesis of occupational fluoride osteopathy]. / Morfogenez professional'noi ftoristoi osteopatii.

Fluor osteopathy, as the authors suppose, is a morphologic repetition of phylogenesis early stages in osteogenesis. Thus, osteosclerosis and osteoporosis demonstrated by X-ray should be considered as manifestation of bone fluorosis. Fluor-induced changes of bone tissue could not be adequately termed as "osteoporosis" and "osteosclerosis", so is defined as "fluor osteopathy".

[Polycythemia vera, complicated by myocardial infarction]. / Istinnaia politsitemiia, oslozhnennaia infarktom miokarda.

In an autopsied female primary polycythemia was definitely diagnosed only after histological examination. A classical form of Vaquez-Osler disease was characterized by pronounced normo-, granulo- and megakaryocyte hyperplasia of the bone marrow, spleen and liver myelosis with an admixture of atypical megakaryocytes and splenomegaly. There was a complication in the form of two coronary arteries thrombosis. Lethal outcome resulted from myocardial infarction.

[Place of the pathology service in the municipal-insurance public health system in the Kemerovo district]. / Zametki o meste patologoanatomicheskoi sluzhby v munitsipal'no-strakhovoi sisteme zdravookhraneniia Kemerovskoi oblasti.

Role and place of pathology service within the system of the insurance medicine is considered. The problems of financing and relations between bureaus of pathology and health departments are discussed.

[Distribution of alpha 2-macroglobulin and pregnancy-associated protein A and alpha 2-glycoprotein in human placenta]. / Raspredelenie alpha2-makroglobulina, assotsiirovannykh s beremennost'iu proteina-A i alpha2-glikoproteina v platsente cheloveka.

By means of immunoperoxidase technique staining localization in the mature placenta of a number of highly molecular proteins--alpha 2-macroglobulin and associated with pregnancy alpha 2-glycoprotein and protein-A--has been determined. These proteins are predominantly determined in syncytiotrophoblast and decidual cells. Similarity in distribution of the proteins in question is determined not only by identity of their receptors, but is evidently caused by community of their functional properties.

[Oligomeganephronic renal hypoplasia complicated by glomerulonephritis]. / Oligomeganefronicheskaia gipoplaziia pochek, oslozhnennaia glomerulonefritom.

Clinico-anatomical data of a rare condition congenital oligomeganephronic renal hypoplasia with a glomerulonephritis as a complication are available for a 13-year-old girl who died of chronic renal failure. Large aglomerular zones consisting of primitive canaliculi in a loose stroma were observed in kidneys that were decreased in size. The glomeruli were few in number, some of them of a large size (2-2.5-fold), firmly attached to the capsule, with pronounced extracapillary proliferation.