RESUMO
The present study was performed to investigate the potential effects of the unripened dried fruit of Rubus coreanus Miq., Rubi Fructus (RF), on hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolism in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) known to induce obesity and hyperlipidaemia. Rubi Fructus extract (RFex) fed mice demonstrated a reduced body weight and adipose tissue weight. RFex fed mice also demonstrated decreased aminotransferase levels, lipid contents [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)], leptin content and increased highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC) contents in the plasma. These effects were accompanied by a decreased expression of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, liver X receptor, fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetylCoA carboxylase, cluster of differentiation 36, lipoprotein lipase and decreased lipogenic enzyme FAS and 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutamyl coenzyme reductase enzyme activities, while elevating carnitine palmitoyltrasferase-1 activity. Based on these results, the present study hypothesized that the inhibitory effect on hepatic steatosis of RFex is the result of the suppression of lipid synthesis in mice fed with HFD, suggesting that RFex may be beneficial in preventing hepatic steatosis and liver lipotoxicity.
Assuntos
Dieta Hiperlipídica , Fígado Gorduroso/prevenção & controle , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Rubus/química , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/genética , Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Colesterol/sangue , Ácido Graxo Sintases/genética , Ácido Graxo Sintases/metabolismo , Fígado Gorduroso/metabolismo , Fígado Gorduroso/patologia , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Leptina/sangue , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/genética , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Obesos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Rubus/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/genética , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
Since the identification of BRI1-Associated receptor Kinase 1 (BAK1), a member of the Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor Kinase (SERK) family, the dual functions of BAK1 in BR signaling and innate immunity in Arabidopsis have attracted considerable attention as clues for understanding developmental processes that must be balanced between growth and defense over the life of plants. Here, we extended our research to study cellular functions of OsSERKs in rice. As it was difficult to identify an authentic ortholog of AtBAK1 in rice, we generated transgenic rice in which the expression of multiple OsSERK genes, including OsBAK1, was reduced by OsBAK1 RNA interference. Resulting transgenic rice showed reduced levels of Os-BAK1 and decreased sensitivity to BL, leading to semidwarfism in overall growth. Moreover, they resulted in abnormal growth patterns, especially in leaf development. Most of the OsBAK1RNAi transgenic rice plants were defective in the development of bulliform cells in the leaf epidermal layer. They also showed increased expression level of pathogenesis-related gene and enhanced susceptibility to a rice blast-causing fungal pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae. These results indicate that OsSERK genes, such as OsBAK1, play versatile roles in rice growth and development.
Assuntos
Oryza/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Sequência de Bases , Brassinosteroides/farmacologia , Sequência Conservada , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Oryza/anatomia & histologia , Oryza/genética , Oryza/imunologia , Filogenia , Imunidade Vegetal/genética , Folhas de Planta/anatomia & histologia , Folhas de Planta/genética , Folhas de Planta/imunologia , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Esteroides Heterocíclicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Glutathione-S-transferases are essential proteins involved in cellular detoxification. The expression of GSTs has been studied extensively under various environmental stressors including xenobiotics. Here, we have isolated AtGST10, one of the phi classes of AtGSTs on the basis of its interaction with BAK1 in a yeast two-hybrid screen. BAK1 is an LRR-RLK, acting in both brassinosteroid signaling and plant defense responses. We found that AtGSTF10 binds to BAK1 through its N-terminal domain. AtGSTF10 is expressed ubiquitously in plant tissues, and the endogenous transcript level of AtGSTF10 was not induced by plant growth regulators or abiotic stressors, except drought, unlike other GSTs. Overexpression of AtGSTF10 conferred higher tolerance to salt and disturbed redox status of transgenic plants. The down-regulation of AtGSTF10 produced by RNA interference caused reduced tolerance to abiotic stress and an accelerated senescence of transformants, indicating that AtGSTF10 is involved in stress tolerance and the BAK1-mediated spontaneous cell death signaling pathway in Arabidopsis.
