Lazarus Phenomenon or the Return from the Afterlife-What We Know about Auto Resuscitation.

Autoresuscitation is a phenomenon of the heart during which it can resume its spontaneous activity and generate circulation. It was described for the first time by K. Linko in 1982 as a recovery after discontinued cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). J.G. Bray named the recovery from death the Lazarus phenomenon in 1993. It is based on a biblical story of Jesus' resurrection of Lazarus four days after confirmation of his death. Up to the end of 2022, 76 cases (coming from 27 countries) of spontaneous recovery after death were reported; among them, 10 occurred in children. The youngest patient was 9 months old, and the oldest was 97 years old. The longest resuscitation lasted 90 min, but the shortest was 6 min. Cardiac arrest occurred in and out of the hospital. The majority of the patients suffered from many diseases. In most cases of the Lazarus phenomenon, the observed rhythms at cardiac arrest were non-shockable (Asystole, PEA). Survival time after death ranged from minutes to hours, days, and even months. Six patients with the Lazarus phenomenon reached full recovery without neurological impairment. Some of the causes leading to autoresuscitation presented here are hyperventilation and alkalosis, auto-PEEP, delayed drug action, hypothermia, intoxication, metabolic disorders (hyperkalemia), and unobserved minimal vital signs. To avoid Lazarus Syndrome, it is recommended that the patient be monitored for 10 min after discontinuing CPR. Knowledge about this phenomenon should be disseminated in the medical community in order to improve the reporting of such cases. The probability of autoresuscitation among older people is possible.

Exploring the Participant-Related Determinants of Simulator Sickness in a Physical Motion Car Rollover Simulation as Measured by the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire.

Physical motion driving simulators serve as a valuable research and training tool. Since many simulator participants suffer from simulator sickness (SS), we aimed to gain a better understanding of participant-related variables that may influence its incidence and severity. The study involved a 2-min mobile-platform car rollover simulation conducted in a group of 100 healthy adult participants. SS was measured with the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire immediately before and after the simulation. We investigated how the symptomatology of SS varies with gender, as well as with participants' previous experiences such as extra driving training or car accidents. Although many SS symptoms occurred already before the simulation, all the symptoms except burping had a significantly greater incidence and severity after the simulation. Before the simulation, men reported disorientation symptoms more often than women, while participants with prior experiences of extra driving training or car accidents scored significantly higher in three out of four Questionnaire components: nausea symptoms, oculomotor symptoms, and the total score. The study offers interesting insights into associations between SS and prior experiences observed by means of high-fidelity real-motion simulations. More research is needed to determine the nature of these associations and their potential usefulness, for example, in helping accident survivors to cope with the distressing or even potentially disabling psychological consequences of accidents.

[Simulator sickness and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire in Polish practice. A study involving professional drivers subject to compulsory initial and periodic qualification courses]. / Choroba symulatorowa i Simulator Sickness Questionnaire w polskiej praktyce. Badania kierowców zawodowych podlegajacych obowiazkowym kursom kwalifikacji wstepnej i okresowej.

BACKGROUND: A phenomenon of simulator sickness is measurable in terms of physiological symptoms. The article presents the practical use of the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) in post-exposure research, together with feedback given by the examined drivers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted on the AutoSim AS 1600 simulator, and involved 130 drivers attending preliminary and periodic qualification courses in road transportation. The following tools were used throughout the research: the SSQ by Kennedy et al., translated into Polish by Biernacki et al. (with symptoms including nausea, oculomotor disturbances & disorientation symptoms, and the SSQ total), and a tool evaluating the SSQ (comprehensibility and time consumption on a 1-6 scale). RESULTS: In the study group (N = 130), some statistically significant differences in the SSQ results were observed. Among younger drivers (<29.5 years old) an increased intensity of the simulator sickness symptoms after simulation was recorded (nausea and the SSQ total), and among older drivers (>29.5 years old) - the disorientation symptoms after simulation. The length of sleep and the quality assessment of the conducted task were higher in the asymptomatic groups. Also, the results indicate a positive reception of the tool by the examined individuals (N = 113), with time consumption marked as low (M = 2.44 on a 1-6 scale) and comprehensibility as high (M = 5.62 on a 1-6 scale). CONCLUSIONS: The research indicates the occurrence of simulator sickness symptoms even in simulators, which accurately reflect vehicle movements. The feedback given by the examined individuals, together with the level of involvement in the SSQ use, indicates a positive reception of the tool. Med Pr. 2020;71(1):47-58.