Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 123
Filtrar
1.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 60(2): 206-212, jun. 2022. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388425

RESUMO

RESUMEN: Los empiemas subdurales, tanto los de aparición espontánea o como complicación en la evolución de un hematoma subdural (HSD), son infrecuentes y de los cuales existen pocas publicaciones en la literatura(1). En este trabajo se revisa una serie de 15 casos operados en el Hospital de Urgencia Asistencia Pública (HUAP) en un período de 15 años. Se observó que en general tienen buena evolución con el tratamiento instaurado en forma oportuna y que son larvados en su presentación, pudiendo llegar a ser diagnosticados incluso en el intraoperatorio. No se observó diferencia en su evolución cuando se operaron a través de una craniectomía o de una craneotomía (plaqueta)(2). No se encontró tampoco diferencia cuando se trataron con o sin drenaje. Como consenso general, deben ser tratados con antibioticoterapia prolongada de al menos 3-4 semanas para controlar el foco infeccioso(2). Ninguno de los casos revisados requirió de reintervención.


ABSTRACT Subdural empyemas, both spontaneous or as a complication in the evolution of subdural hematomas, are an uncommon fact of which there are few publications in literature. In this review we analyze a retrospective serie of 15 cases operated in HUAP in a period of 15 years. In general we don't observed differences in the outcome using different surgical techniques, both in those treated by craniectomy as those treated by craniotomy. Also we don't observed differences in those treated with or without drainage. In the same way is clear that the optimal period of antibiotic treatment must be 3-4 weeks to fully cover them. None of the cases treated, needed reintervention.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Empiema Subdural/complicações , Empiema Subdural/epidemiologia , Hematoma Subdural/etiologia , Empiema Subdural/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Craniotomia , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(12)dic. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389277

RESUMO

This work addresses the controverted reproductive health policies in the last fifty years in the United States and in the last thirty years in Chile, since the return of democracy. They range from the inclusion of sex education programs in school curricula to the voluntary interruption of pregnancy and the recent emergence of institutional conscientious objection. The author provides a comparative analysis of the latter in both countries, considering the current political context in the United States and the constituent process development in Chile.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Aborto Induzido , Saúde Reprodutiva , Estados Unidos , Chile , Política de Saúde
4.
Pediátr. Panamá ; 49(1): 21-23, 01 april 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1123258

RESUMO

Streptococcus pluranimalium es una bacteria descrita como causante de infección en animales y su aislamiento es poco habitual en humanos. No se han descrito casos de peritonitis por esta bacteria, tampoco se han descrito infecciones por la misma en Panamá. Presentamos el caso de un masculino de 8 años con enfermedad renal crónica, en tratamiento con diálisis peritoneal, que ingresó por una descompensación de su balance hídrico. En liquido peritoneal presentó hallazgos compatibles con peritonitis y crecimiento de S.pluranimalium en los cultivos del mismo. El cuadro clínico se resolvió con 2 semanas de tratamiento con cefotaxima+ cefalotina inicialmente intravenosa y después peritoneal. El avance de las técnicas de identificación de bacterias permite describir nuevas especies como causantes de infección. Al haber pocos casos reportados es difícil establecer guías sobre la sensibilidad antibiótica. El S.pluranimalium es habitualmente sensible a aminoglucosidos, vancomicina y cefalosporinas.


Streptococcus pluranimalium is a bacteria described as a cause of infection in animals, and its isolation is unusual in humans. There have been no reported cases of peritonitis in humans by this bacteria and in fact no reported infections by this bacteria in Panama. We present the case of an 8 year old male with chronic renal disease, on treatment with peritoneal dialysis admitted to the hospital due to fluid imbalance. Peritoneal fluid analysis was compatible with peritonitis, and cultures grew S. pluranimalium. Clinical manifestations resolved after two weeks of treatment with cefotaxime and cefalotin. Advances in bacterial identification techniques have enabled the reporting of new species as causes of infection. Since there are few reported cases, it is difficult to establish guidelines for antibiotic treatment. The S. pluranimalium is usually sensitive to vancomycin, aminoglycosides and cephalosporins.

5.
Rev Med Chil ; 148(12): 1855-1859, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33844755

RESUMO

This work addresses the controverted reproductive health policies in the last fifty years in the United States and in the last thirty years in Chile, since the return of democracy. They range from the inclusion of sex education programs in school curricula to the voluntary interruption of pregnancy and the recent emergence of institutional conscientious objection. The author provides a comparative analysis of the latter in both countries, considering the current political context in the United States and the constituent process development in Chile.


Assuntos
Aborto Induzido , Saúde Reprodutiva , Chile , Feminino , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Gravidez , Estados Unidos
6.
Environ Pollut ; 244: 705-714, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30384076

RESUMO

A severe air quality degradation event occurred in the Santiago Metropolitan Area (SMA), Chile, in June 2014. Meteorological and air quality measurements from 11 stations in the area as well as numerical simulations using the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model were used to explain the main reasons for the occurrence of elevated particulate matter (PM) concentrations. The conditions were characterized with formation of a coastal low in central Chile between the southeastern anticyclone and a high-pressure system over Argentina. At a local scale, these conditions generated a depression at the base of the inversion layer, an increase in the vertical thermal stability, lower humidity and low-wind conditions, which were conducive to a decrease in pollutant dispersion and insufficient ventilation of the polluted air. Measurements and simulations using the WRF model revealed a vertical structure of the boundary layer during these stagnant conditions and provided a basis for a trajectory analysis. The back-trajectory calculation showed that the transport of air parcels was contained in the valley during the highest concentrations. The analysis also enabled the definition of the threshold values of a simple indicator of air pollution (ventilation coefficient, VC), which confirmed the evolution of the episode and divided the observed daily concentrations into two groups, with one including values above the limits prescribed by the national air quality standards (NAQS) and the other including values below these limits. For the SMA, the daily PM concentrations above the NASQ limits were associated with an overall mean threshold value of VC below 500 m2 s-1 (for PM2.5) and 300 m2 s-1 (for PM10). To apply the VC analysis to other pollutants and different geographic locations, different threshold values should be evaluated.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Material Particulado/análise , Tempo (Meteorologia) , Chile , Umidade , Vento
7.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 13(1): 15-20, ene. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-999228

RESUMO

Pediatric bronchoscopy has played an important role in the practice of pulmonology, having important advances in recent years. It is now possible to perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with this technique. Rigid bronchoscopy continues to have a significant character in the identification and management of foreign bodies in the airways. On the other hand, flexible bronchoscopy, with the improvement in the quality of the image, is becoming an important tool for the practice of pediatric pulmonology, having a longer reach than rigid bronchoscopy. This becomes a valuable instrument for the diagnosis and treatment of pathologies where rigid bronchoscopy cannot reach


El papel de la broncoscopía pediátrica ha adquirido importancia en la práctica de la neumología, con grandes avances en los últimos años. Actualmente es posible realizar procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos con estos instrumentos. La broncoscopía rígida sigue teniendo un carácter significativo en la identificación y manejo de cuerpos extraños en vía aérea. Por su parte la broncoscopía flexible con la mejoría en la calidad de la imagen, cada vez se posiciona como una herramienta de gran utilidad para el ejercicio de la neumología pediátrica, al tener mejor alcance que la broncoscopía rígida


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Broncoscopia , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias/terapia , Broncoscopia/efeitos adversos
8.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 13(1): 21-23, ene. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-999232

RESUMO

Foreign body aspiration in children is a frequent cause of consultation in the pediatric emergency department and can be a life-threatening event. It occurs mainly during the first 4 years of life and is more frequent in males. It is possible to find the clinical triad of cough, localized wheezing and decrease of respiratory noises in 50 percent of cases. The diagnosis is based on an adequate clinical history to detect an asphyxiation event. Chest radiography is an important diagnostic tool although it is possible to find normal results in 12 to 25 percent of cases. Several studies have reported the usefulness of flexible bronchoscopy in extracting foreign bodies; however, rigid bronchoscopy remains the best choice for foreign body aspiration


La aspiración de cuerpo extraño en niños es una causa frecuente de consulta en el departamento de urgencias pediátricas y puede ser un evento potencialmente mortal. Se presenta principalmente durante los primeros 4 años de vida y es mas frecuente en el género masculino. Clínicamente es posible encontrar en un 50 por ciento de los casos la triada clínica de tos, sibilancias localizadas y disminución de ruidos respiratorios. El diagnóstico se basa en una historia clínica adecuada en la cual se busca intencionadamente el antecedente de un evento de asfixia. La radiografía de tórax es una herramienta importante para el diagnóstico aunque es posible encontrarla normal del 12 al 25 por ciento de los casos. Diversos estudios reportan la utilidad de la broncoscopia flexible en la extracción de cuerpos extraños, sin embargo la broncoscopia rígida continua siendo el estándar de oro para el manejo de la aspiración de cuerpo extraño


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Broncoscopia , Aspiração Respiratória/diagnóstico , Aspiração Respiratória/terapia , Corpos Estranhos/diagnóstico , Corpos Estranhos/terapia
9.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 13(1): 24-28, ene. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-999235

RESUMO

Stridor is a musical, often high-pitched sound produced by a rapid, turbulent flow of air through a narrowed segment of the large airways. The cause of stridor can be located anywhere in the extrathoracic airway (nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea) or the intrathoracic airway (tracheobronchial tree). Stridor may be acute (caused by inflammation/infection or foreign body inhalation) or chronic. It may be congenital or acquired. Various congenital and acquired disorders prevail in neonates, infants, children, and adolescents, and need to be distinguished. Medical history and age of the child, together with physical examination, often allow a presumptive diagnosis. Further tests may be necessary to establish a definite diagnosis, and flexible airway endoscopy is the diagnostic procedure of choice in most circumstances


Estridor es un sonido musical, de alta frecuencia, generado por el paso de un flujo de aire turbulento en zonas con calibre disminuido de la vía aérea de mayor tamaño.La causa del estridor puede estar localizado en cualquier lugar de la vía aérea extratorácica (nariz, faringe, laringe y tráquea) o la vía aérea intratorácica (árbol traqueobronquial). El estridor puede ser agudo (causado por inflamación/infección o aspiración de cuerpos extraños) o crónica. Puede ser congénita o adquirida. Varios trastornos congénitos y adquiridos prevalecen en neonatos, lactantes, niños y adolescentes, y tienen que ser distinguidos. La historia clínica, edad del niño y examen físico a menudo permiten un diagnóstico presuntivo. Puede requerirse mayor estudio para establecer un diagnóstico definitivo, y la endoscopia flexible de la vía aérea es el procedimiento diagnóstico de elección en la mayoría de las circunstancias


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Sons Respiratórios/diagnóstico , Sons Respiratórios/etiologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/complicações , Testes de Função Respiratória , Broncoscopia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/complicações , Paralisia das Pregas Vocais/complicações , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Endoscopia , Laringomalácia/complicações
10.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 34(1): 55-58, 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-959408

RESUMO

Resumen El secuestro pulmonar es una malformación pulmonar rara, presentándose generalmente en edades tempranas. Se presenta mayoritariamente con neumonías e infecciones repetidas, distrés respiratorio y falla cardíaca; raramente en pacientes de mayor edad se presenta con hemoptisis y dolor torácico. En este artículo se describe el caso clínico de un paciente de 60 años de edad que se presenta con un infarto de un secuestro pulmonar y hemotórax.


Bronchopulmonary sequestration is a rare pulmonary malformation, usually occurring at an early age. It presents mainly with pneumonia and repetitive infections, respiratory distress and heart failure; rarely in aged patients presents with hemoptysis and chest pain. This article describes the clinical case of a 60-year-old male patient who presented an ischemic pulmonary sequestration and hemothorax.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor no Peito/etiologia , Sequestro Broncopulmonar/complicações , Sequestro Broncopulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemotórax , Dor no Peito/diagnóstico , Dor no Peito/terapia , Radiografia Torácica , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Sequestro Broncopulmonar/cirurgia , Hemoptise
11.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 82(4): 350-360, oct. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-899918

RESUMO

ANTECEDENTES: en salud la objeción de conciencia del profesional es posible reconocerla globalmente como la negativa individual y privada para el cumplimiento de un deber jurídico considerado injusto que afecta la conciencia moral de quien objeta. En Chile ha cobrado especial relevancia en la actual discusión sobre la despenalización del aborto en tres causales, emergiendo como uno de los temas centrales. OBJETIVO: el presente artículo describe las principales características observadas en el debate público desde los primeros intentos para restablecer el aborto terapéutico hasta el actual proyecto en tramitación que intenta regular la despenalización del aborto en tres causales. La información fue obtenida a partir de la búsqueda en los principales medios de comunicación, identificando los principales actores, las instituciones y el discurso predominante. RESULTADOS: se identificaron 251 piezas de prensa y 215 actores provenientes en mayor proporción de la Cámara de Diputados, de las Universidades y del Ejecutivo. En el discurso prevalece la referencia a la objeción de conciencia individual e institucional, surgiendo la polémica en torno a su legitimidad y posibles consecuencias. DISCUSIÓN: debe evaluarse con mayor profundidad el fundamento basado en el derecho constitucional a la libertad de conciencia considerando los límites establecidos en un Estado de Derecho democrático y las directrices éticas presentes en la relación clínica. Se plantea la necesidad de regular su ejercicio previendo que no se vulneren derechos fundamentales, en especial de quienes detentan un mayor grado de vulnerabilidad.


BACKGROUND: objection on grounds of conscience by health care professionals is generally recognized as a personal, private refusal to perform a legal duty deemed unjust and deleterious to the objector's moral conscience. Conscientious objection has become a central aspect of the debate on the proposed decriminalization of abortion on three grounds currently underway in Chile. METHODS: this article describes the main constituent elements of the associated public debate, covering from the early efforts to restore therapeutic pregnancy termination through to the draft decriminalization legislation now being discussed in Congress. All data comes from a review of leading media outlets; key participants, institutions and prevailing discourses are identified. RESULTS: the said review encompassed 251 media items and 215 key players affiliated mostly with the Chamber of Deputies, universities, and government. Themes prevailing in associated discourses reference conscientious objection by personal and institutional players, as well as the attendant controversy over its legitimacy and possible consequences. DISCUSSION: this article posits that the constitutional right to freedom of conscience should be scrutinized further with due regard to the limits existing in rule-of-law democracies and to the ethical standards governing doctor-patient relationships. The exercise of conscientious objection privilege needs to be regulated in order to prevent infringement of fundamental rights, especially those of particularly vulnerable segments of the population.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Aborto Induzido/legislação & jurisprudência , Aborto Induzido/ética , Consciência , Meios de Comunicação de Massa/estatística & dados numéricos , Chile , Aborto Induzido/psicologia
12.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 63(2): 109-111, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28355370

RESUMO

Early diagnosis and staging of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is essential for therapeutic strategy decision. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with fluordeoxyglucose (FDG), a glucose analogue, labeled with fluor-18 (18F-FDG) has been used to evaluate staging, therapy response and prognosis in NHL patients. However, in some cases, 18F-FDG has shown false-positive uptake due to inflammatory reaction after chemo and/or radiation therapy. In this case report, we present a NHL patient evaluated with 18F-FDG and 18F-choline PET/CT scan imaging pre- and post-therapy. 18F-FDG and 18F-choline PET/CT were performed for the purpose of tumor staging and have shown intense uptake in infiltrative tissue as well as in the lymph node, but with some mismatching in the tumor. Post-treatment 18F-FDG and 18F-choline PET/ CT scans revealed no signs of radiotracer uptake, suggesting complete remission of the tumor. 18F-choline may be a complimentary tool for staging and assessment of therapeutic response in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, while non-18F-FDG tracer can be used for targeted therapy and patient management.


Assuntos
Colina , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Linfoma não Hodgkin/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Esterno
13.
Pediátr. Panamá ; 45(3): 26-30, diciembre 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-847855

RESUMO

La bronquiolitis es una de las enfermedades respiratorias más frecuentes de la infancia y los cuadros severos aumentan la carga sobre los servicios de salud. Se realizó un estudio caso control para identificar factores asociados con severidad de bronquiolitis. Los factores de riesgo identificados para bronquiolitis severa fueron bajo peso (OR 5.58 IC95% 2.47- 12.57), prematuridad <32 semanas, (OR 13.29 IC95% 1.777-324.6) presencia de cualquier co-morbilidad (OR 3.42 IC95%1.6-7.3), la convivencia con niños < de 5 años en el hogar (OR 3.0 IC95%1.4-6.4) y la historia de apnea (OR 17.2 IC95% 2.06-143.72).


Bronchiolitis is one of the most frequent respiratory diseases ocurring to infants and severe disease increases produce an important burden to health care services. A case control study and an epidemiological survey was performed to identify risk factors related to severe bronchiolitis. Risk factors identified were underweight (OR 5.58 IC95% 2.47- 12.57), prematurity below 32 weeks, (OR 13.29 IC95% 1.777-324.6) presence of any co-morbidity (OR 3.42 IC95%1.6-7.3), dwell with children below 5 years of age (OR 3.0 IC95%1.4-6.4) and apnea history (OR 17.2 IC95% 2.06-143.72).


Assuntos
Lactente , Bronquite , Doenças Respiratórias
14.
Pediátr. Panamá ; 45(2): 34-40, Agosto-Septiembre 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-848780

RESUMO

El virus respiratorio sincicial es un mixovirus RNA, del género Pneumovirus, de la familia de los Paramyxoviridae , es reconocido como una importante causa de infección aguda del tracto respiratorio superior leve o severo como bronquiolitis y neumonía, en especial en niños menores de 5 años1. Las infecciones por Virus sincicial respiratorio (VSR) induce una respuesta parcial inmune que no confiere una protección a largo tiempo, por lo que las infecciones repetidas por este virus son comunes. Se ha estimado que las infecciones por VSR causa 3.4 millones de hospitalizaciones de niños a nivel mundial. De acuerdo a su variabilidad antigénica y genética el VSR es clasificado en dos subgrupos en VSR-A y VSR-B. Virus sincicial respiratorio tipo A2: Incluye las mayores cepas epidémicas y tienen por lo menos siete genotipos (GA1-7), la co-circulación de diferentes de RSV-A fue considerada la causa de infecciones repetidas y de brotes.

15.
Rev. peru. ginecol. obstet. (En línea) ; 62(3): 229-234, jul.-set. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-991499

RESUMO

Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la embolización de arterias uterinas en la reducción del volumen uterino, tamaño de miomas, signos y síntomas relacionados a la enfermedad y la satisfacción del paciente. Diseño: Estudio clínico, retrospectivo y longitudinal. Locación: Instituto de Radiología Intervencionista Brazzini. Participantes: Doscientos pacientes sometidos a EAU bilateral. Intervención: Embolización de arterias uterinas realizado con partículas de polyvinyl alcohol de 355 a 500 μm y micro esferas embolizantes de 500 a 900 micras. El seguimiento fue de tres, seis, doce y hasta setenta y dos meses, que incluyeron ecografías uterinas pre y post embolización, reporte de mejoría sintomatológica por pacientes (EAV 0 a 10), satisfacción postratamiento, complicaciones y datos epidemiológicos relevantes. Resultados: De los 200 pacientes estudiados, los síntomas que impulsaron la consulta fueron, en primer lugar y con 42%, los trastornos menstruales, y en segundo lugar con 17%, la anemia. El tipo de mioma más frecuente fue, con 54%, el mioma intramural. La reducción media en el tamaño uterino y del mioma dominante fue 43,4% y 59%, respectivamente. De las pacientes, 56,5% tenía indicación de histerectomía al llegar a la consulta (N° 113), y de estos, luego del tratamiento, dos pacientes fueron sometidas a este procedimiento (1,02%). Las mujeres refirieron mejoría de sus síntomas en la escala análoga visual (0 a 10) de 6,7 puntos (Pre: 9 puntos, Post: 2,3 puntos). La mayoría (95%) refirió estar satisfecha con el procedimiento realizado. Conclusiones: La EAU redujo el tamaño de los miomas, el tamaño total de útero y como resultado del tratamiento se evidenció una disminución significativa de los síntomas. Las pacientes intervenidas refirieron estar satisfechas con el procedimiento, tenían una mejor calidad de vida y estaban contentas de haber evitado someterse a un procedimiento quirúrgico mayor.


Objectives: To determine safety and efficacy of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for uterine volume reduction, leiomyoma size, symptoms relief and patient satisfaction. Design: Clinical retrospective and longitudinal study. Setting: Brazzini Interventional Radiology Institute. Participants: Two hundred patients who underwent a UAE. Interventions: Bilateral UAE with hydrogel microspheres and polyvinyl alcohol particles sized 500-900 microns were applied to 200 women. Follow-up was from three, six, twelve and up to 72 months, and included pre and post embolization uterine ultrasound, complications, and relevant epidemiological data. Results: The most common symptoms were menstrual abnormalities (42%) and anemia (17%), among others. Most common type of leiomyoma was intramural (54%). Median uterine and dominant fibroid volume reductions were 43.4% and 59%, respectively. Out of the 200 women, 113 had previous indication of hysterectomy, and 2 patients were treated surgically (1.02%). Visual analog scale assessment showed improvements of 6.7 points (0 to 10). 95% of the studied and treated population reported satisfaction with the treatment. Conclusions: UAE reduced uterine total volume and fibroids size, resulting in significant symptom relief. Treated patients reported improvements in quality of life and treatment satisfaction.

16.
Pediátr. Panamá ; 45(1): 41-45, Abril-Mayo 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-848797

RESUMO

Guía de actualización de Zika describiendo hallazgos clínicos, métodos diagnósticos y manejo.


Zika update guide describing clinical findings, diagnostic methods and management.

17.
Pediátr. Panamá ; 44(2): 54-60, Agosto- Septiembre 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-848750

RESUMO

La tuberculosis (TB) continúa siendo una enfermedad muy presente en nuestros días, incluido entre la población pediátrica, y con una fuerte asociación con el VIH. A pesar de los esfuerzos realizados para el control de la enfermedad, es una importante causa de morbimortalidad en algunos países. La dificultad para confirmar el diagnóstico y la variedad en las formas de presentación, conducen a una baja noti cación. La OMS reportó en 2013, una incidencia mundial de 9 millones de casos, en el 2011 se reportaron 500.000 casos en menores de 15 años, y 64.000 fallecimientos en población pediátrica por tuberculosis (pacientes no infectados por VIH) y para el 2013 se reportaron 80,000 defunciones en niños infectados por VIH y tuberculosis. En 2013 se diagnosticaron 480,000 nuevos casos a nivel mundial de tuberculosis multiresistente (MDR resistentes por lo menos a rifampicina e isoniacida) y tuberculosis extremadamente resistente a drogas (XDR resistentes a rifampicina, isoniacida más una uroquinolona y por lo menos a una de las tres drogas de segunda línea inyectable como amikacina, kanamicina y capreomicina)

18.
PLoS One ; 10(5): e0123077, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25946339

RESUMO

Pollen is one of the primary causes of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in urban centers. In the present study, the concentrations of 39 different pollens in the Santiago de Chile metropolitan area over the period 2009-2013 are characterized. The pollen was monitored daily using Burkard volumetric equipment. The contribution of each type of pollen and the corresponding time trends are evaluated. The concentrations of the pollens are compared with the established threshold levels for the protection of human health. The results show that the total amount of pollen grains originating from trees, grasses, weeds and indeterminate sources throughout the period of the study was 258,496 grains m-3, with an annual average of 51,699 ± 3,906 grains m-3 year-1. The primary source of pollen is Platanus orientalis, which produces 61.8% of the analyzed pollen. Grass pollen is the third primary component of the analyzed pollen, with a contribution of 5.82%. Among the weeds, the presence of Urticacea (3.74%) is remarkable. The pollination pattern of the trees is monophasic, and the grasses have a biphasic pattern. The trends indicate that the total pollen and tree pollen do not present a time trend that is statistically significant throughout the period of the study, whereas the grass pollen and weed pollen concentrations in the environment present a statistically significant decreasing trend. The cause of this decrease is unclear. The pollen load has doubled over the past decade. When the observed concentrations of the pollens were compared with the corresponding threshold levels, the results indicated that over the period of the study, the pollen concentrations were at moderate, high and very high levels for an average of 293 days per year. Systematic counts of the pollen grains are an essential method for diagnosing and treating patients with pollinosis and for developing forestation and urban planning strategies.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/classificação , Alérgenos/classificação , Pólen/classificação , Biodiversidade , Chile , Cidades , Poaceae/fisiologia , Estações do Ano , Árvores/fisiologia
19.
Rev. chil. cir ; 67(2): 191-194, abr. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-745081

RESUMO

Introduction: Mediastinal abscess (MA) is a rare disease in the adult population. Generally presents as a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) with high morbidity and mortality. The prognosis improves with an early diagnosis associated with an aggressive surgical drainage. Clinical case: We report a clinical case with a MA with an unusual spontaneous extension across the chest wall.


Introducción: Los abscesos mediastínicos (AM) son una patología poco frecuente en la población adulta. Su presentación clínica más habitual es la de un síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS) con una elevada morbimortalidad. Su pronóstico mejora con un diagnóstico temprano asociado a un drenaje quirúrgico agresivo y precoz. Caso clínico: Presentamos un caso clínico de un AM con una inusual extensión espontánea a través de la pared torácica.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Abscesso/cirurgia , Abscesso/complicações , Drenagem , Mediastinite/cirurgia , Mediastinite/complicações , Abscesso , Mediastinite , Necrose , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
20.
Environ Int ; 82: 101-9, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25796098

RESUMO

A critical analysis of Chile's National Air Quality Information System (NAQIS) is presented, focusing on particulate matter (PM) measurement. This paper examines the complexity, availability and reliability of monitoring station information, the implementation of control systems, the quality assurance protocols of the monitoring station data and the reliability of the measurement systems in areas highly polluted by particulate matter. From information available on the NAQIS website, it is possible to confirm that the PM2.5 (PM10) data available on the site correspond to 30.8% (69.2%) of the total information available from the monitoring stations. There is a lack of information regarding the measurement systems used to quantify air pollutants, most of the available data registers contain gaps, almost all of the information is categorized as "preliminary information" and neither standard operating procedures (operational and validation) nor assurance audits or quality control of the measurements are reported. In contrast, events that cause saturation of the monitoring detectors located in northern and southern Chile have been observed using beta attenuation monitoring. In these cases, it can only be concluded that the PM content is equal to or greater than the saturation concentration registered by the monitors and that the air quality indexes obtained from these measurements are underestimated. This occurrence has been observed in 12 (20) public and private stations where PM2.5 (PM10) is measured. The shortcomings of the NAQIS data have important repercussions for the conclusions obtained from the data and for how the data are used. However, these issues represent opportunities for improving the system to widen its use, incorporate comparison protocols between equipment, install new stations and standardize the control system and quality assurance.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Material Particulado/análise , Chile , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Substâncias Perigosas/análise , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...