Fusarium and Neocosmospora: fungal priority pathogens in laboratory diagnosis.

Fusarium and Neocosmospora are two fungal genera recently recognized in the list of fungal priority pathogens. They cause a wide range of diseases that affect humans, animals, and plants. In clinical laboratories, there is increasing concern about diagnosis due to limitations in sample collection and morphological identification. Despite the advances in molecular diagnosis, due to the cost, some countries cannot implement these methodologies. However, recent changes in taxonomy and intrinsic resistance to antifungals reveal the necessity of accurate species-level identification. In this review, we discuss the current phenotypic and molecular tools available for diagnosis in clinical laboratory settings and their advantages and disadvantages.

A One Health Perspective to Recognize Fusarium as Important in Clinical Practice.

Any strategy that proposes solutions to health-related problems recognizes that people, animals, and the environment are interconnected. Fusarium is an example of this interaction because it is capable of infecting plants, animals, and humans. This review provides information on various aspects of these relations and proposes how to approach fusariosis with a One Health methodology (a multidisciplinary, and multisectoral approach that can address urgent, ongoing, or potential health threats to humans, animals, and the environment). Here, we give a framework to understand infection pathogenesis, through the epidemiological triad, and explain how the broad utilization of fungicides in agriculture may play a role in the treatment of human fusariosis. We assess how plumbing systems and hospital environments might play a role as a reservoir for animal and human infections. We explain the role of antifungal resistance mechanisms in both humans and agriculture. Our review emphasizes the importance of developing interdisciplinary research studies where aquatic animals, plants, and human disease interactions can be explored through coordination and collaborative actions.

Propuestas bioéticas frente a los problemas sociales y éticos que generan las enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas / Bioethical Proposals to Face Social and Ethical Problems Generated by Neglected Infectious Diseases / Propostas bioéticas ante os problemas sociais e éticos que geram as doenças infecciosas desatendidas

Resumen Este artículo de revisión se centra en el tema de las enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas (EID), grupo de 18 patologías de carácter incapacitante, a veces mortales y frecuentemente deformantes, que prevalecen en poblaciones de Asia, África y en las zonas tropicales de Sur América. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica se plantean los elementos que se relacionan con estas enfermedades, se categorizan y se analizan a la luz de la Declaración Universal sobre Bioética y Derechos Humanos de 2005, en cuanto a igualdad, justicia y equidad, el enfoque de no discriminación y estigmatización, responsabilidad social y salud. A lo largo de la revisión se concluye que la problemática alrededor de las EID es multifactorial y se presentan propuestas, desde una mirada de la bioética centrada en el respeto por la dignidad de la persona y de las poblaciones afectadas, para mitigar y solucionar la atención a partir de estrategias posibles que aborden determinantes sociales. Se propone incluir la bioética en el debate sobre la atención de las EID para analizar los problemas y examinar soluciones por medio de proyectos de investigación transdisciplinaria que impliquen un trabajo colaborativo y formativo entre las comunidades afectadas, entidades gubernamentales y profesionales de la salud y de las ciencias veterinarias.

Abstract This review article appointed to the topic of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), a group of 18 disabling pathologies, which are sometimes fatal, and often deforming, that prevail in the populations of Asia, Africa and the tropical areas of South America. We presented, categorized, and analyzed, through a bibliographical review, the elements that relate to these diseases from the Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights, 2005, in terms of equality, justice and equity, the non-discrimination and stigmatization, social responsibility and health approach. Throughout the review, we concluded that the problem around NTDs is multifactorial and we propose solutions to mitigate and to attend the NTDs, from a perspective of focused bioethics around the dignity of the human person and the affected population. We proposed including bioethics in the debate about the care of the NTDs to analyze the problems and examine solutions through transdisciplinary research projects that involve collaborative and formative work among the affected communities, government entities, health professionals and veterinary sciences.

Resumo Este artigo de revisão se centraliza no tema das doenças infecciosas desatendidas (DID), grupo de 18 patologias de caráter incapacitante, às vezes mortais e com frequência deformantes, que prevalecem em populações da Ásia, da África e nas zonas tropicais da América do Sul. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, são apresentados os elementos que se relacionam com essas doenças, os quais são categorizados e analisados à luz da Declaração sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos de 2005, quanto a igualdade, justiça e equidade, abordagem de não discriminação e estigmatização, responsabilidade social e saúde. Conclui-se que a problemática ao redor das DID é multifatorial e apresentam-se propostas com base numa visão da Bioética centralizada no respeito pela dignidade da pessoa e das populações afetadas, para diminuir ou solucionar a atenção a partir de estratégias possíveis que abordem determinantes sociais. Propõe-se incluir a Bioética no debate sobre a atenção das DDI para analisar os problemas e examinar soluções por meio de projetos de pesquisa transdisciplinar que impliquem trabalho colaborativo e formativo entre as comunidades afetadas, entidades governamentais e profissionais da saúde e das ciências veterinárias.