RESUMO
El personal sanitario constituye uno de los principales colectivosprofesionales expuestos a riesgos biológicos en el desarrollo desu actividad. La regulación legal de la exposición ocupacional y laconsideración de enfermedades profesionales han facilitado eldesarrollo de las medidas de prevención en este colectivo. Actualmente,la vacunación frente a numerosas enfermedades infecciosasse considera como la estrategia de prevención primaria másefectiva. Las vacunas recomendadas incluyen las correspondientes,según edad, al calendario vacunal del adulto, y vacunas frente aenfermedades inmunoprevenibles que pueden constituir un mayorriesgo para el profesional sanitario y para el paciente: varicela, rubéola,VHB, Por otro lado, los accidentes con riesgo biológico,sobre todo de transmisión sanguínea (VIH, VHC y VHB) son el principalproblema del trabajador sanitario. Sin embargo, en el momentoactual no existe una inmunoprofilaxis eficaz, salvo frente ala infección por VHB, por lo que la prevención de la exposición, laquimioprofilaxis con antirretrovirales si procede, y el seguimientoclínico y serológico del personal expuesto son las estrategias parala reducción del riesgo de transmisión(AU)
Health-care workers are an important professionalgroup exposed to biological risks during their professionalactivity. The legal regulation of the occupational exposure,as well as the knowledge of occupational diseases, has facilitated the development of prevention measures for thisgroup. Nowadays, vaccination against a number of infectiousdiseases is considered the most effective strategy ofprimary prevention. The recommended vaccines includethose, according to age, included on adult immunizationschedule, and vaccines against infectious diseases that canconstitute a major risk, both for the professional and for thepatient: chicken pox, rubella, HBV, .On the other hand, the occupational exposure to bloodor other body fluids (transmission of HIV, HCV and HBV) isthe main risk for health-care workers. Nevertheless, at thismoment there is no effective immunoprophylaxis againstany disease of this group, excepting HBV infection. Thus,occupational exposure prevention, chemoprophylaxis withanti-retroviral drugs when available, and exposure followupare the main strategies to decrease transmission risk(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde/normas , Vacinação/métodos , Vacinação/tendências , Antibioticoprofilaxia/métodos , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Quimioprevenção/métodos , Quimioprevenção/tendências , Prevenção Primária/normas , Prevenção Primária/tendências , Quimioprevenção/normas , Quimioprevenção , Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Health-care workers are an important professional group exposed to biological risks during their professional activity. The legal regulation of the occupational exposure, as well as the knowledge of occupational diseases, has facilitated the development of prevention measures for this group. Nowadays, vaccination against a number of infectious diseases is considered the most effective strategy of primary prevention. The recommended vaccines include those, according to age, included on adult immunization schedule, and vaccines against infectious diseases that can constitute a major risk, both for the professional and for the patient: chicken pox, rubella, HBV, etc. On the other hand, the occupational exposure to blood or other body fluids (transmission of HIV, HCV and HBV) is the main risk for health-care workers. Nevertheless, at this moment there is no effective immunoprophylaxis against any disease of this group, excepting HBV infection. Thus, occupational exposure prevention, chemoprophylaxis with anti-retroviral drugs when available, and exposure follow-up are the main strategies to decrease transmission risk.
