Presbycusis and balance disorders in the elderly. Bibliographical review of ethiopathogenic aspects, consequences on quality of life and positive effects of its treatment.

At this time, we still do not have adequate knowledge and awareness of the consequences of hearing loss in the elderly on quality of life. Similarly, there is also insufficient information on the relationship of presbycusis and balance disorders with other comorbidities. Such knowledge can contribute to improve both prevention and treatment of these pathologies, to reduce their impact on other areas such as cognition or autonomy, as well as to have more accurate information on the economic impact they generate in society and in the health system. Therefore, with this review article we aim to update the information on the type of hearing loss and balance disorders in people over 55 years of age, and their associated factors; to analyze the impact on the quality of life of these people and the one which can be generated at a personal and population level (both sociological and economic) if an early intervention in these patients is pursued.

Adaptación y validacion al español de un cuestionario específico de calidad de vida en pacientes con traqueostomía (TQOL) / Adaptation and validation into Spanish of a specific questionnaire on quality of life in patients with tracheostomy (TQOL)

Antecedentes y objetivo: Una traqueostomía de larga duración puede tener efectos negativos significativos sobre la calidad de vida, ya que ocasiona cambios físicos, funcionales, sensoriales, psicológicos, sociales, económicos y laborales en la vida del individuo. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar al español un cuestionario de calidad de vida para estos pacientes.Materiales y métodosEstudio de validación psicométrica de un cuestionario en 45 pacientes mayores de 18 años, con permanencia de 6 meses de su traqueostomía, que entienden el español y comprenden bien las preguntas del cuestionario de salud SF-36 y de un cuestionario específico de calidad de vida del paciente con traqueostomía (TQOL-versión española). Este cuestionario es una modificación y adaptación cultural al español del instrumento original denominado Tracheostomy Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (TQOL). Los 2 cuestionarios (TQOL-versión española) y SF-36 se cumplimentaron transcurridos los 6 meses desde la traqueostomía y entre 30 días y 50 días después de la primera administración. Se ha evaluado la fiabilidad y la repetitividad del TQOL-versión española. Se estudió la validez de constructo a través de la correlación entre los resultados del TQOL-versión española y las dimensiones del cuestionario SF-36.ResultadosLa fiabilidad del TQOL-versión española estimada mediante la prueba de alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,814, con variación entre ítems de 0,783 a 0,817 en la muestra a los 6 meses y de 0,794 en la muestra de validación, con variación entre ítems de 0,758 a 0,813. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase para la puntuación total de la escala mediante el análisis de concordancia de Bland-Altman y concordancia para las preguntas individuales con la prueba de simetría de McNemar fueron indicativos de buena estabilidad temporal. Se encontró una buena correlación entre las escalas del TQOL-versión española y las dimensiones del SF-36. (AU)

Background and objective: A long-term tracheostomy can have significant negative effects on quality of life because it causes physical, functional, sensory, psychological, social, economic, and work impairments to the life of the individual. The objective of this study was to validate in Spanish a quality-of-life questionnaire for these patients.Materials and methodsA psychometric validation study of a questionnaire in 45 patients over 18 years of age, with tracheostomy for six months, who understand Spanish and have a good understanding of the questions of the SF-36 questionnaire and a specific quality of life questionnaire for the patient with tracheostomy (TQOL-versión española). This questionnaire is a modification and cultural adaptation into Spanish of the original English instrument named Tracheostomy Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (TQOL). The 2 questionnaires (TQOL-versión española) and the SF-36 were completed 6 months after the tracheostomy and between 30 and 50 days after the first administration. The reliability, repeatability, and construct validity of the TQOL-versión española were evaluated. The construct validity was assessed by the correlation between the results of the TQOL-versión española and the dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire.ResultsThe reliability of the TQOL-versión española measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .814, with variation between items from .783 to .817 in the sample at 6 months and from .794 in the validation sample, with variation between items from .758 to .813. There was intraclass correlation for the total score of the scale using the concordance analysis of Bland-Altman and agreement for the individual questions with the McNemar symmetry test. There was also a good correlation between the scales of the TQOL-versión española and the dimensions of the S-F36. (AU)

Adaptation and validation into Spanish of a specific questionnaire on quality of life in patients with tracheostomy (TQOL).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A long-term tracheostomy can have significant negative effects on quality of life because it causes physical, functional, sensory, psychological, social, economic, and work impairments to the life of the individual. The objective of this study was to validate in Spanish a quality-of-life questionnaire for these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A psychometric validation study of a questionnaire in 45 patients over 18 years of age, with tracheostomy for six months, who understand Spanish and have a good understanding of the questions of the SF-36 questionnaire and a specific quality of life questionnaire for the patient with tracheostomy (TQOL-versión española). This Vquestionnaire is a modification and cultural adaptation into Spanish of the original English instrument named Tracheostomy Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (TQOL). The two questionnaires (TQOL-versión española) and the SF-36 were completed 6 months after the tracheostomy and between 30 and 50 days after the first administration. The reliability, repeatability, and construct validity of the TQOL-versión española were evaluated. The construct validity was assessed by the correlation between the results of the TQOL-versión española and the dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS: The reliability of the TQOL-versión española measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .814, with variation between items from .783 to .817 in the sample at 6 months and from .794 in the validation sample, with variation between items from .758 to .813. There was intraclass correlation for the total score of the scale using the concordance analysis of Bland-Altman and agreement for the individual questions with the McNemar symmetry test. There was also a good correlation between the scales of the TQOL-versión española and the dimensions of the S-F36. CONCLUSIONS: The TQOL-versión española showed good reliability, repeatability, and construct validity, therefore it is a useful tool to assess the impact on individual patients with a tracheostomy in place for more than 6 months, and to establish strategies at the healthcare and social levels to improve the quality of daily life.

Percepción de riesgos y consumo de drogas en estudiantes universitarios de enfermería, Arequipa, Perú / Perception of risks and drug use in university nursing students, Arequipa, Peru / Percepção de riscos e uso de drogas em estudantes de enfermagem universitária, Arequipa, Peru

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue tener una primera aproximación sobre la prevalencia de vida, información, percepciones, y comportamientos de riesgo respecto del consumo de drogas lícitas, ilícitas y médicas, según sexo, en estudiantes de enfermería. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo exploratorio y corte transversal, tipo censo. Se aplicó un cuestionario estandarizado de 241 ítems y previamente aplicado a 86 estudiantes del tercer año de enfermería de una universidad particular de Arequipa Metropolitana. Se encontró altas prevalencias de vida para el consumo de sustancias lícitas, 84,4% en bebidas alcohólicas y 62,8% en tabaco, y para cualquier droga ilícita 31,4%, entre las que destacan la marihuana (17,1%) y cocaína (4,6%), con diferencias de consumo a favor de los hombres, mientras que en las drogas médicas la sustancia más usada corresponde a tranquilizantes (19,8%), con diferencias de consumo a favor de las mujeres. Asimismo, en la universidad más del 93% de los estudiantes recibió información para prevenir el uso de drogas, y el 34,8% declaró haber tenido relaciones sexuales entre una y varias veces bajo los efectos del alcohol y drogas ilícitas. Se concluye que, los resultados evidencian la magnitud de la problemática social del consumo de drogas lícitas, ilícitas y médicas, entre los estudiantes universitarios; además, hay necesidad de desarrollar en la carrera de enfermería estrategias de promoción de la salud y prevención del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas para reducir y evitar que las prevalencias del consumo se incrementen entre los futuros profesionales promotores de estilos de vida saludables, para garantizar una mejor calidad de vida en la población.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi ter uma primeira aproximação sobre a prevalência de vida, informação, percepções e comportamentos de risco em relação ao consumo de drogas lícitas, ilícitas e médicas, segundo o sexo, em estudantes de enfermagem. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, descritivo exploratório e de corte transversal, tipo censo. Um questionário padronizado de 241 itens foi aplicado previamente a 86 estudantes do terceiro ano de enfermagem de uma universidade privada de Arequipa Metropolitana. Elevada prevalência de vida para o consumo de substâncias lícitas em bebidas alcoólicas 84,4% e 62,8% foi encontrada em rapé, e qualquer droga 31,4%, entre os quais marijuana (17,1%) e cocaína (4,6%), com diferenças de consumo em favor dos homens, enquanto em medicamentos mais vulgarmente utilizados substância corresponde a tranquilizantes (19,8%), com diferenças de consumo em favor das mulheres. Além disso, na faculdade mais de 93% dos alunos receberam informações para prevenir o uso de drogas e 34,8% relataram ter tido relações sexuais uma a várias vezes sob a influência de álcool e drogas ilícitas. Conclui-se que os resultados mostram a magnitude da problemática social do consumo de drogas lícitas, ilícitas e médicas entre os universitários; Além disso, há necessidade de desenvolver estratégias de promoção da saúde e prevenção do uso de substâncias psicoativas na carreira de enfermagem para reduzir e prevenir que a prevalência do consumo aumente nos futuros profissionais promovendo estilos de vida saudáveis, a fim de garantir uma melhor qualidade de vida na população.

Abstract The objective of the present study was to have a first approximation about the prevalence of life, information, perceptions, and risk behaviors regarding the consumption of licit, illicit and medical drugs, according to sex, in nursing students. A quantitative, exploratory descriptive and cross-sectional, census-type study was performed. A standardized questionnaire of 241 items was applied and previously applied to 86 students of the third year of nursing at a private university in Arequipa Metropolitana. There were high prevalence of life for the consumption of licit substances, 84.4% for alcoholic beverages and 62.8% for tobacco, and for any illegal drug (31.4%), among which marijuana (17.1%), and cocaine (4.6%), with differences in consumption in favor of men, whereas in medical drugs the most commonly used substance is tranquilizers (19.8%), with differences in consumption favoring women. At the university, more than 93% of students received information to prevent drug use, and 34.8% reported having had sexual intercourse between one and several times under the influence of alcohol and illicit drugs. It is concluded that the results show the magnitude of the social problems of the consumption of licit, illicit and medical drugs among university students; In addition, there is a need to develop strategies for the promotion of health and prevention of psychoactive substances in the nursing career to reduce and prevent the prevalence of consumption among future professionals promoting healthy lifestyles, to ensure a better quality of life in the population.

[Analysis of the otorhinolaryngology services authorized for the training of residents]. / Análisis de los servicios de otorrinolaringología acreditados para la formación de residentes.

The aim of this study was to obtain information on the current educational offer of the authorized Units with the intention of evaluating their teaching capacity and identify their weaknesses and shortcomings. For this purpose an electronic, self-completing questionnaire was sent to the various teaching units. In addition, information on the most important aspects of the management of hospitals was also collected. Fifty-eight forms were received and except for 5 cases the information from the management of the hospitals was also received. The resources for external consultation, the number of special examinations in Audiology, Speech and Otoneurology, the resources in the operating room and the number of surgical interventions as well as the scientific activity developed in the last 5 years, was outlined. From the figures obtained, some critical areas were identified for the training of current residents in otolaryngology, which were also scored. Considering a threshold of 5 points, excluding the performance of several of these basic requirements, 19 services were below the threshold.

Análisis de los servicios de otorrinolaringología acreditados para la formación de residentes / Analysis of the otorhinolaryngology services authorized for the training of residents

El objetivo de este trabajo es obtener información sobre la oferta docente actual de las unidades acreditadas con la intención de evaluar su capacidad docente y detectar sus carencias y deficiencias. Para ello se envió a las distintas unidades docentes un cuestionario en formato de formulario electrónico autoaplicable. Además se recabó de la gerencia de los hospitales información sobre los aspectos más importantes. Se han recibido 58 formularios y, excepto en 5 casos, se recibió además información de la gerencia de los hospitales. Se reseñan los recursos en consultas externa, el número de exploraciones especiales en audiología, otoneurología y voz, los recursos en quirófano y el número de intervenciones quirúrgicas, así como la actividad científica desarrollada en los últimos 5 años. A partir de las cifras obtenidas, se determinaron unas áreas críticas para la formación de los residentes en otorrinolaringología, que fueron puntuadas. Considerando una cifra de corte de 5 puntos, lo que excluye el cumplimiento de varios de estos requisitos básicos, 19 servicios quedaron por debajo (AU)

The aim of this study was to obtain information on the current educational offer of the authorized Units with the intention of evaluating their teaching capacity and identify their weaknesses and shortcomings. For this purpose an electronic, self-completing questionnaire was sent to the various teaching units. In addition, information on the most important aspects of the management of hospitals was also collected. Fifty-eight forms were received and except for 5 cases the information from the management of the hospitals was also received. The resources for external consultation, the number of special examinations in Audiology, Speech and Otoneurology, the resources in the operating room and the number of surgical interventions as well as the scientific activity developed in the last 5 years, was outlined. From the figures obtained, some critical areas were identified for the training of current residents in otolaryngology, which were also scored. Considering a threshold of 5 points, excluding the performance of several of these basic requirements, 19 services were below the threshold (AU)

Impacto socioeconómico de la fibromialgia / The socioeconomic impact of fibromyalgia

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Epidemiología de la fibromialgia / The epidemiology of fibromyalgia

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