Clinical patterns of Heparin allergy: cross-reactivity between low-molecular-weight Heparins and unfractionated Heparins

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Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome by fish: Not necessarily a restricted diet.

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity usually due to cow's milk or soy. Recent researches show that fish is 1 of the most important triggers of FPIES in the Mediterranean countries. Due to the risk of multiple-food FPIES, avoiding foods in the same category or that often occur together may be reasonable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution and follow-up of FPIES related to fish over a period of 20 years. We describe the clinical features of our population, discuss different approaches to oral food challenges, and analyze the possibility of introducing the culprit fish or other nonrelated fish to avoid unnecessary restricted diets.

Perfluorocarbon emulsions prevent hypoxia of pancreatic ß-cells.

As oxygen carriers, perfluorocarbon emulsions might be useful to decrease hypoxia of pancreatic islets before transplantation. However, their hydrophobicity prevents their homogenisation in culture medium. To increase the surface of contact between islets and Perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB), and consequently oxygen delivery, we tested effect of a PFOB emulsion in culture medium on ß-cell lines and rat pancreatic islets. RINm5F ß-cell line or pancreatic rat islets were incubated for 3 days in the presence of PFOB emulsion in media (3.5% w/v). Preoxygenation of the medium was performed before culture. Cell viability was assessed by apoptotic markers (Bax and Bcl-2) and by staining (fluoresceine diacetate and propidium iodide). ß-Cell functionality was determined by insulin release during a glucose stimulation test and. Hypoxia markers, HIF-1α and VEGF, were studied at days 1 and 3 using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. PFOB emulsions preserved viability and functionality of RINm5F cells with a decrease of HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Islets viability was preserved during 3 days of culture. Secretion of VEGF was higher in untreated control (0.09 ± 0.041 µg VEGF/mg total protein) than in PFOB emulsion incubated islets (0.02 ± 0.19 µg VEGF/mg total protein, n = 4, p < 0.05) at day 1. At day 3, VEGF secretion was increased as compared to day 1 in control (0.23 ± 0.04 µg VEGF/mg total protein) but it was imbalance by the presence of PFOB emulsion (0.09 ± 0.03 µg VEGF/mg total protein, n = 5, p < 0.05). While insulin secretion was maintained in response to a glucose stimulation test until day 3 when islets were incubated in the presence of PFOB emulsion preoxygenated (0.81 ± 0.16 at day 1 vs. 0.75 ± 0.24 at day 3), the ability to secrete insulin in the presence of high glucose concentration was lost in islets controls (0.51 ± 0.18 at day 1 vs. 0.21 ± 0.13 at day 3). Atmospheric oxygen delivery by PFOB emulsion might be sufficient to decrease islets hypoxia. However, to improve islets functionality, overoxygenation is needed. Finally, maintenance of islet viability and functionality for several days after isolation could improve the outcome of islets transplantation.

Sistemas autoligables de mínima fricción: ¿la fricción imperfecta? / No disponible

Introducción: El uso de brackets autoligables ha crecido exponencialmente en la última década como respuesta a las expectativas generadas en términos de supuestos beneficios al reducir la fricción frente a las técnicas convencionales de ligado con elastómeros. A partir de la modificación de la técnica de ligado y la consiguiente disminución en la fricción clásica los ortodoncistas hemos atribuido a los brackets autoligables una serie de mejoras clínicas. Desafortunadamente gran parte de estos supuestos beneficios no presentan base científica, sino que se apoyan en publicaciones comerciales, con problemas metodológicos que conducen a conclusiones subjetivas guiadas más por el entusiasmo de sus autores y sus experiencias subjetivas, que por los criterios que marca la “ortodoncia basada en la evidencia”. Material y método: Se ha realizado una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos electrónicas (Medline, PubMed y Cochrane Library) seleccionando los artículos que mencionaban fricción de autoligables comparada con brackets convencionales. Resultados: Existe una alarmante ausencia de estudios “in vivo”, frente a una gran mayoría de estudios “in vitro” que, mediante la recreación de condiciones ficticias en un laboratorio, valoran la fricción en términos de contacto entre la superficie del bracket, el arco (..) (AU)

Introduction: The use of self-ligating brackets has grown markedly in the last decade in response to the expectations of the reduced friction, supposedly offered by this system in comparision to the friction generated by conventional techniques employing elastomereligation. Based on the modification of the ligation technique with its supposed decrease in classic friction, orthodontists have creditedself-ligating brackets with a series of clinical improvements. Unfortunately, rather than as scientific evidence, most of these supposed benefits have been presented in commercial publications that are plagued by methodological problems that lead to subjective conclusions based more on the autors´s enthusiasm and expectations than on “evidence based orthodontics”. Methods: An exhaustive review of the different free electronic data bases (Medline, PubMed and Cochrane Library) selected articles comparing friction with self-ligating brackets and friction with conventional brackets systems. Results: There is an alarming paucity of “in vivo” studies. The majority of “in vitro” laboratory studies recreate frictional conditions to evaluate friction in terms of contact between bracket surface bracket surface, bracket arch and the ligating (..) (AU)

Perfluorocarbons: new tool for islets preservation in vitro.

Pancreatic islet transplantations to treat type 1 diabetes often fail to function because of hypoxia. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) exhibit a high oxygen solubility coefficient and maintain high oxygen partial pressure for extended times. They also serve as oxygen "reservoirs" for harvested organs in pancreas organ transplantation. Previous studies have shown the PFCs display antiadhesive effects on beta cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PFC on islet viability and functionality and on extracellular matrix (ECM) disruption of islets via inhibition of adhesion. Primary cultures of rat islets were incubated for 24 hours in the presence or absence of 3.5% (weight/volume) PFCs in culture media. We studied viability (FDA/PI), stimulation index linked to insulin secretion (ELISA), and expression of insulin and laminin messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Immunostaining was performed on insulin and laminin. Islet viability was similar in the presence or absence of PFCs (about 80%). Stimulation index showed preservation of islet functionality in the presence of PFC (4.9 +/- 0.7) as compared with controls (2.8 +/- 0.5). Moreover, laminin mRNA expression was lower compared with controls (55% of PFC incubated vs control islets). Immunohistochemistry studies showed preservation of ECM inside the islets in the presence of PFCs versus controls at 24 hours after islet isolation. In conclusion, PFCs preserved islet viability and functionality and prevented ECM disruption. PFCs may represent a new tool for islet preservation in vitro.