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1.
Prev. tab ; 17(2): 71-74, abr.-jun. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-140276

RESUMO

Objetivo. Analizar en los participantes del Día Mundial sin Tabaco del Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron la prevalencia de consumo y la exposición al humo de tabaco antes y después de la Ley 42/2010 para la prevención del tabaquismo. Métodos. Estudio de prevalencia de tabaquismo en 2.809 participantes del Día Mundial sin Tabaco. El consumo de tabaco se estimó mediante encuestas y la exposición al humo ambiental del tabaco mediante carboximetría. Resultados. La proporción de fumadores disminuyó de un 37,4 a un 32% (p = 0,002) y la de no fumadores que se declaraban expuestos al humo del tabaco de un 45,7 a un 23,2% (p = 0,002). La mediana de CO espirado en no fumadores expuestos disminuyeron de 1 (p25-75: 0-2) a 0 (p25-75: 0-2) (p = 0,001). Conclusiones. Coincidiendo con la modificación de la Ley, se ha producido un descenso significativo de la prevalencia de fumadores y de la exposición al humo del tabaco (AU)


Objective. To analyze tobacco consumption and exposure to second hand smoke in participants of the World Smoke-free Day before and after a smoke free regulation. Methods. Annual prevalence study in 2,809 participants of the annual World Smoke-free Day. Tobacco consumption was estimated with polls and the exposure to secondhand smoke with carboxímeters. Results. The proportion of smokers lowered from 37.4% to 32% (p = 0.002) and the non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke tobacco from 45.7% to 23.2% (p = 0.002). The CO levels in exposed nonsmokers decreased from 1 (p25-75: 0-2) to 0 (p25-75: 0-2) (p = 0.001). Conclusions. The proportion of smokers and the exposure to secondhand smoke significantly decrease after the smoke-free regulation (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fumar/legislação & jurisprudência , Fumar/prevenção & controle , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/legislação & jurisprudência , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/prevenção & controle , Jurisprudência/métodos , Nicotiana/efeitos adversos , Indústria do Tabaco/legislação & jurisprudência , Abandono do Uso de Tabaco/estatística & dados numéricos , Legislação como Assunto , Vigilância Sanitária/legislação & jurisprudência , Vigilância Sanitária/estatística & dados numéricos
2.
Gac Sanit ; 20(5): 374-81, 2006.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17040646

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficiency of the replacement of several medical devices by engineered sharp injury (SI) prevention devices (ESIPDs). METHODS: The cost-effectiveness ratios of the replacement of medical devices in use by ESIPDs were estimated: their purchasing costs and the direct costs of sharp injury care were taken into account; the number of SI avoidable by each ESIPD was estimated from the 252 occupational SI notified by healthcare workers at a 1,300 bed hospital from March 2002 to February 2003. The relationship between ESIPD additional costs and the number of high-risk SI was estimated (SI were classified as high-risk if they met two or more of the following criteria: moderately-deep or deep injury, injury with a device previously inserted in an artery or vein, or with a device exposed to blood). RESULTS: ESIPDs order according to cost-effectiveness ratio: safety needle for implanted ports (-2.65 euro/SI avoided), followed by syringes with protective shield (869.79 euro/SI), resheathable winged steel needles, needleless administration sets, and short catheters with protective encasement. ESIPDs order according to relationship between additional costs and number of high-risk sharp injuries avoided: safety needles for implanted ports, followed by winged steel needles, hypodermic syringes, short catheter and needleless administration sets. CONCLUSIONS: Savings in SI care outweigh additional costs of certain ESIPDs. Cost-effectiveness analysis is useful in assigning priorities; however the risks of SI by every device must be taken into account.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trabalho/economia , Acidentes de Trabalho/prevenção & controle , Ferimentos Penetrantes Produzidos por Agulha/economia , Ferimentos Penetrantes Produzidos por Agulha/prevenção & controle , Exposição Ocupacional/economia , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Equipamentos de Proteção/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Humanos , Fatores de Risco
3.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 20(5): 374-381, sept.-oct. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-052428

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar la eficiencia de sustituir algunos dispositivos médicos por otros diseñados para prevenir exposiciones percutáneas (EP). Métodos: Se han estimado las relaciones coste-efectividad de sustituir algunos dispositivos por otros diseñados para prevenir EP: se han considerado los costes de adquisición y de la asistencia a una EP; el número de EP prevenibles por cada dispositivo se ha estimado a partir de las 252 exposiciones ocupacionales notificadas por el personal de un hospital de 1.300 camas de marzo de 2002 a febrero de 2003. Se ha calculado la relación entre el coste adicional de los dispositivos alternativos y el número de EP evitables de alto riesgo (las que cumplían 2 o más de los siguientes: EP moderadamente profunda o profunda, por objeto insertado en vaso, o por objeto expuesto a la sangre). Resultados: Orden de los dispositivos según la relación coste-efectividad: aguja con resguardo para catéter implantado (­2,65 €/EP evitada), seguida por jeringa con resguardo (869,79 €/EP), aguja con aletas con resguardo, equipo de perfusión con válvulas y catéter endovenoso periférico con retracción del fiador. Orden según relación entre coste adicional y número de EP de alto riesgo evitadas: aguja para acceso a catéter implantado, seguida por aguja con aletas, jeringa para aguja hipodérmica, catéter endovenoso y equipo de infusión con válvulas. Conclusiones: El ahorro en asistencia a EP compensa el coste adicional de algunos dispositivos diseñados para prevenirlas. Un análisis coste-efectividad ayuda a establecer prioridades, pero debe tener en cuenta el riesgo de las EP asociadas con cada dispositivo


Objective: To assess the efficiency of the replacement of several medical devices by engineered sharp injury (SI) prevention devices (ESIPDs). Methods: The cost-effectiveness ratios of the replacement of medical devices in use by ESIPDs were estimated: their purchasing costs and the direct costs of sharp injury care were taken into account; the number of SI avoidable by each ESIPD was estimated from the 252 occupational SI notified by healthcare workers at a 1,300 bed hospital from March 2002 to February 2003. The relationship between ESIPD additional costs and the number of high-risk SI was estimated (SI were classified as high-risk if they met two or more of the following criteria: moderately-deep or deep injury, injury with a device previously inserted in an artery or vein, or with a device exposed to blood). Results: ESIPDs order according to cost-effectiveness ratio: safety needle for implanted ports (­2.65 €/SI avoided), followed by syringes with protective shield (869.79 €/SI), resheathable winged steel needles, needleless administration sets, and short catheters with protective encasement. ESIPDs order according to relationship between additional costs and number of high-risk sharp injuries avoided: safety needles for implanted ports, followed by winged steel needles, hypodermic syringes, short catheter and needleless administration sets. Conclusions: Savings in SI care outweigh additional costs of certain ESIPDs. Cost-effectiveness analysis is useful in assigning priorities; however the risks of SI by every device must be taken into account


Assuntos
Humanos , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/prevenção & controle , Recursos Humanos em Hospital/economia , Análise Custo-Eficiência , Equipamentos de Proteção/economia , Segurança de Equipamentos/economia , Segurança de Equipamentos/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Gestão de Riscos , Fatores de Risco
4.
Psiquiatr. biol. (Ed. impr.) ; 13(2): 67-70, mar. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-045009

RESUMO

Introducción: El objetivo del presente trabajo es el conocimiento del estado de salud y de los factores de personalidad de una muestra de pacientes en hemodiálisis periódica (HD). Pacientes y método: Se realizó un estudio transversal de una muestra de 45 pacientes en HD del Hospital Universitario de Salamanca. Se estudiaron también 2 muestras de control, que fueron: una muestra de enfermos con diabetes mellitus (DMC) (n = 45) y otra muestra de sujetos sanos o sin enfermedad crónica incapacitante (SC) (n = 45). Se utilizaron el cuestionario SF-36, el inventario de depresión de Beck, el cuestionario de ansiedad estado-rasgo y el cuestionario factorial de personalidad 16 PF de Catell para la valoración de los pacientes y sujetos de control. También se estudiaron diversas variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y analíticas. Resultados: El estado de salud en la muestra de pacientes en HD fue peor que el estado de salud de los 2 grupos de control. Hubo 13 (28,89%) sujetos deprimidos en la muestra de enfermos en HD, número significativamente más elevado que el de las 2 muestras de control, 3 (6,7%) DMC y 1 (2,2%) SC. El perfil de personalidad de los enfermos en HD mostró un patrón de introversión. Los niveles bajos de albúmina sérica se asociaron con una tendencia a mayores niveles de depresión y peor funcionamiento físico y vitalidad en los pacientes en HD. Conclusiones: El estado de salud de los enfermos en HD de nuestro estudio es en líneas generales malo. El perfil de personalidad muestra un patrón con rasgos de introversión


Introduction. The objective of the present study was to know the health status and the personality factors of a group of outpatients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Patients and method: A cross-sectional study was performed. The study population included 45 MHD patients from the University Hospital of Salamanca. The control samples were a group (n=45) of patients with diabetes mellitus (DMS) and a group (n=45) of healthy or without prominent physical or psychological illness subjects (CS). The SF-36, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire were used for patients and control subjects assessment. Sociodemographic, medical and laboratory data were also obtained. Results: The general health status were significantly lower in MHD patients than in the other two control groups. There were significantly more depressed MHD patients (13 [28.89%]) than depressed DMS (3 [6.7%]) and depressed CS (1 [2.2%]). Personality profile showed a pattern with introversion traits. Albumin levels were associated with high levels of depression and lower physical functioning and vitality in MHD patients. Conclusions: Health status in MHD patients of our sample is low. Personality profile shows a personality pattern with introversion traits


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Humanos , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Transtorno Depressivo/etiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Hospitais Universitários , Doença Crônica/psicologia
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