Calcificación distrófica postraumática aislada de músculo sartorio / Post-traumatic dystrophic calcification isolated from the sartorius muscle

Presentamos un caso de calcificación distrófica muscular tras traumatismos repetidos y revisamos las diferentes causas de calcificaciones de partes blandas y de osificación heterotópica

We present a case of muscular dystrophic calcification after repeated traumas and review the different cases of calcifications of the soft parts and heterotopic ossification

Cistitis enfisematosa. Valor de las pruebas de imagen / Cystitis emphysematous. The role of imaging studies

La cistitis enfisematosa es una complicación rara de la infección del tracto urinario, que se caracteriza por la presencia de gas intravesical y en la pared de la vejiga urinaria, debida a la fermentación bacteriana. Aproximadamente el 50-80% de los pacientes es diabético y hay una mayor incidencia en mujeres. Los hallazgos clínicos en esta entidad son inespecíficos y normalmente las pruebas de imagen (radiografía simple, ecografía y/o tomografía computarizada) confirman el diagnóstico. Se comentan los hallazgos en cada una de ellas. La tomografía computarizada es la prueba radiológica más sensible para detectar el proceso, ya que permite la detección temprana de aire vesical intramural, intraluminal, así como la demostración de otras causas de gas vesical o intrapelviano, y es capaz de detectar las posibles complicaciones. Un diagnóstico temprano es la clave para un tratamiento correcto de esta afección

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare complication of urinary tract infection, characterized by spontaneous gas presentation in the urinary bladder due to bacterial fermentation. Approximately 50 to 80% of patients with this disease are diabetic, and there is a higher incidence in females. This clinical entity is associated with urinary retention too, like neurogenic bladder dysfunction or outlet obstruction. Clinical and physical findings are not specific in emphysematous cystitis, and the diagnosis is usually first suspected by radiologic exams ­conventional radiography, US or CT. The finds in each one of them will be commented. The CT is both highly sensitive and specific examination, that allows early detection of intramural or intraluminal urinary bladder gas. It is also useful in evaluating other causes of urinary bladder or pelvis abnormal gas, and possible complications. An early diagnosis is the key for a correct management of this pathology

Rho and Rho-associated kinase modulate the tyrosine kinase PYK2 in T-cells through regulation of the activity of the integrin LFA-1.

We have examined the role of the small GTPase Rho and its downstream effector, the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), in the control of the adhesive and signaling function of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) integrin in human T-lymphocytes. Inhibition of Rho (either by treatment with C3-exoenzyme or transfection with a dominant-negative form of Rho (N19Rho)) or ROCK (by treatment with Y-27632) results in the following: (a) partial disorganization and aggregation of cortical filamentous actin (F-actin); (b) induction of LFA-1-mediated cellular adhesion to the LFA-1 ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) through a mechanism involving clustering of LFA-1 molecules, rather than alterations in the level of expression or in the affinity state of this integrin; and (c) induction of cellular polarization and activation of the tyrosine kinase PYK2. Transfection of T-cells with a constitutively active form of Rho (V14Rho) blocks the clustering of LFA-1 on the membrane and the LFA-1-mediated activation of PYK2. Importantly, the activation of PYK2 caused by inhibition of Rho or ROCK takes place only when the T-cells are plated onto ICAM-1 but not when they are either prevented from interacting with ICAM-1 with anti-LFA-1 blocking antibodies or when they are plated on the nonspecific poly-l-lysine substrate. These results indicate that the small GTPase Rho regulates the tyrosine kinase PYK2 in T-cells through the F-actin-mediated control of the activity of the integrin LFA-1. These findings represent a novel paradigm for the regulation of the activity of a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase by the small GTPase Rho.