RESUMO
According to official sources, the amounts of children-to-parent violence (CPV) in most advanced countries have been on an increasing trend for more than a decade, which generates great social concern. This phenomenon has also aroused enormous interest among researchers, who have identified risk and protective factors related to adolescent CPV in numerous studies. The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between offensive family communication and CPV in adolescence, and the moderating role that two psychosocial adjustment factors may be playing: a positive attitude towards the transgression of rules and psychological distress. A total of 7787 adolescents between 11 and 16 years of age (M = 13.37, SD = 1.34) from secondary schools in the state of Nuevo León (Mexico) participated in the study (51.5% boys, 48.5% girls). Structural equation modelling was performed using structural equation modelling software (EQS). The results showed that offensive family communication has a direct and significant relationship with CPV. It was also observed that there is an indirect relationship between both variables, through the relationships of psychological distress and a positive attitude towards the transgression of rules. The multigroup analysis performed showed gender differences in some of these relationships. Finally, the results and their implications in the field of family intervention are discussed.
RESUMO
Background: This paper aims to identify predictive variables of relational aggression related to the individual, family and school environment in Mexican adolescents according to sex and age. Method: A total of 8,115 Mexican adolescents (51.5% boys), aged 11 to 16 years old (M = 13.34 years, SD = 1.040), selected by proportional stratified sampling. Results: From a stepwise regression analysis it was observed that the main predictors of relational aggression were non-conformist self-perception of social reputation, psychological distress, attitude toward institutional authority and offensive communication with the mother. Conclusions: Relational aggression underlies important explanatory dimensions for the prevention of school aggression, such as social reputation and psychological distress, which have been little explored in this field of study
Antecedentes: este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar las variables predictoras de la violencia relacional relacionadas con el ámbito individual, familiar y escolar en adolescentes mexicanos, en función del sexo y la edad. Método: participaron 8.115 adolescentes mexicanos (51,5% chicos), de 11 a 16 años (M= 13.34 años; DT= 1.040), seleccionados a partir de un muestreo estratificado proporcional. Resultados: a partir de un análisis de regresión múltiple por pasos se observó que los principales predictores de la violencia relacional fueron la autopercepción no-conformista de la reputación y el malestar psicológico, la actitud hacia la autoridad institucional y la comunicación ofensiva con la madre. Conclusiones: en la violencia relacional subyacen dimensiones explicativas relevantes para la prevención de la violencia escolar como son la reputación social y el malestar psicológico que, sin embargo, han sido poco exploradas en este ámbito de estudio
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Relações Interpessoais , Agressão/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Etários , Fatores Sexuais , MéxicoRESUMO
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue examinar la violencia relacional entre iguales desde una perspectiva psicosocial, analizando variables familiares (funcionamiento y comunicación familiar), sociales (reputación social - percibida e ideal - y actitud hacia la autoridad institucional) e individuales (malestar psicológico e ideación suicida) en adolescentes escolarizados. La muestra fue de 8115 adolescentes, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 16 años, del estado de Nuevo León, México. Se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, paso a paso, cuyos resultados mostraron que la dimensión más importante en la predicción de la conducta violenta relacional es la autopercepción no conformista, seguido del malestar psicológico. Finalmente, se discuten estos resultados y sus implicaciones.
The aim of this research was to study relational violence between peers from a psychosocial perspective, by analyzing family variables (family functioning and communication), social variables (social reputation both perceived and ideal and attitude towards institutional authority), and individual variables (psychological distress and suicide ideation) in adolescent students. The sample consisted of 8,115 adolescents aged 11 to 16 years from the State of Nuevo León, Mexico. We performed a forward stepwise multiple regression analysis, the results of which showed that the most important factor in the prediction of violent relational behavior at school is the nonconformist self-perception, followed by psychological distress. Finally, these results and their implications are discussed.
RESUMO
El objetivo del presente estudio fue contrastar un modelo explicativo del consumo de drogas ilegales en adolescentes escolarizados, considerando variables personales (autoestima académica, autoestima social y sintomatología depresiva), familiares (funcionamiento familiar, comunicación familiar madre y padre), escolares (expectativa académica) y sociales (integración y participación comunitaria). La muestra estuvo conformada por 1.285 adolescentes de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 20 años de edad, procedentes de cuatro centros educativos localizados en Monterrey (México). Se realizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que explicó el 20% de la varianza y se exploró el efecto moderador del género. Los resultados muestran una relación significativa y positiva entre el contexto comunitario y el consumo de drogas ilegales a través de la autoestima social, en el caso de los chicos. Igualmente, se encontró una relación indirecta y positiva entre el contexto familiar y el consumo de drogas, a través de la autoestima social, la autoestima escolar y las expectativas académicas. Además, el contexto familiar mostró una relación negativa con las sintomatología depresiva y esta, a su vez, con el consumo de drogas
The aim of this study was to test an explanatory model about illegal drug use among schooled adolescents. Different types of variables were used, including personal variables (academic self-esteem, social self-esteem and depressive symptoms), family variables (family functioning, father-mother communication), school variables (academic expectations), and social variables (community integration and participation). A sample of 1,285 adolescents, both males and females, aged between 12 and 20 years old, from four different schools in Monterrey, Mexico, was used. A structural equation model was used, explaining 20% of variance. The moderating effect of gender was explored. Results show a significant positive relationship between community context and illegal drugs use, mediated by social self-esteem only for boys. Likewise, a positive indirect relationship was found between the family context and drug use, mediated by social self-esteem, school self-esteem and academic expectations. Moreover, the family context showed a negative relationship with depressive symptoms, which in turn were related to drug use
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Socialização , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Comportamento Social , Desejabilidade Social , Relações FamiliaresRESUMO
El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un análisis psicosocial del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes mexicanos, considerando de forma simultánea las variables personales, familiares, escolares y sociales. Se realizó un estudio de tipo explicativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 1.245 adolescentes de ambos sexos, procedentes de dos centros educativos de secundaria y dos de preparatoria, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años. Se realizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que explicó el 66 % de la varianza y se exploró el efecto moderador del género. Los resultados se discuten en función de los estudios más relevantes en la temática de esta investigación.
The objective of the present study was to analyze the psychosocial alcohol consumption in Mexican adolescents, taking into account simultaneously personal, family, school and social variables. The type of study is explanatory. The sample consisted of 1245 adolescents girls and boys form two secondary and preparatory schools, with ages between 12 and 17 years old. A structural equations model explained 66% of the variance and also it was explored the moderating effect of gender. The results are discussed in terms of the relevant studies on the subject of this investigation.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo , Consumo de Álcool por Menores , MéxicoRESUMO
El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las relaciones existentes entre variables individuales,familiares, escolares y sociales con el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes. El tipo de estudio realizado es explicativo causal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 1,245 adolescentes de ambos sexos procedentes de dos centros educativos de secundaria y dos de preuniversitario, con edades comprendidas entre los12 y los 17 años de edad. Se utilizó un muestreo probabilístico estratificado, considerando la proporciónde alumnos por grado escolar, grupos y turno. Para el análisis de los datos se calculó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que explicó el 66% de la varianza. Los resultados mostraron que el apoyo social comunitario y el funcionamiento familiar se relacionaban con el consumo de alcohol de forma indirecta.El primero lo hacía de forma positiva y significativa a través del apoyo de amigos y el consumo de alcohol de familiares y amigos; y el segundo, lo hacía a través de dos paths: uno, de forma positiva y significativa,con el apoyo familiar y el consumo de alcohol de familiares y amigos y, dos, de forma positiva através del ajuste escolar y la autoestima escolar y ésta, de forma negativa, con el consumo de alcohol.También se observó una relación positiva y significativa entre funcionamiento familiar y el apoyo social comunitario. Los resultados obtenidos se discuten en función de los estudios más relevantes en la temática de esta investigación y se hace referencia a las limitaciones metodológicas de este estudio (AU)
The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships that the individual, family, social and schoolvariables have with the risk of alcohol consumption among adolescents. This is an explanatory causal study. The sample consisted of 1,245 adolescents of both sexes drawn from two secondary level and twopre-university level educational institutions, and were all aged between 12 and 17 years old. Stratified probability sampling was used, taking into account the proportion of students in each grade, level, group and timetable. To analyze the data, a structural equation model was calculated that explained 66% of the variance. The results showed that community social support and family functioning were indirectly related to alcohol consumption. The former was positively and significantly related, through friends support and also alcohol use by family and friends, while the latter was related through two paths: firstly, a positive and significant relationship, with family support and alcohol use by family and friends and, secondly,positively through school adjustment and school self-esteem which was negatively related with alcohol consumption. A significant and positive relationship was also observed between family functioning and social support. The results are discussed in terms of the most relevant studies on the subject of this research and the methodological limitations of this study are also considered (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/epidemiologia , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Relações Familiares , Ajustamento Social , Autoimagem , Apoio SocialRESUMO
Se especificó y contrastó un modelo explicativo psicosocial de ideación suicida en adolescentes, mediante un estudio explicativo de tipo transversal. Se utilizó una muestra probabilística estratificada de 1285 estudiantes mexicanos de escolaridad media y media superior. Los instrumentos utilizados tenían índices adecuados de fiabilidad. Se contrastó el modelo con la técnica de ecuaciones estructurales utilizando el paquete estadístico EQS 6.1 que explicó el 33.10 % de varianza explicada. Los resultados mostraron que el modelo obtuvo niveles adecuados de bondad de ajuste absoluto (RMSEA=.41; GFI=.953;AGFI=.939) y comparativo (CFI=.951; IFI=.958; NFI=.925; NNFI=.943). Se concluyó que el Modelo Explicativo Psicosocial de Ideación Suicida (MEPIS) se ajustaba bien a los datos y era compatible con el modelo teórico propuesto, al integrar una estructura contextual que presentaba una relación indirecta y significativa del funcionamiento familiar y los problemas de integración escolar con la variable dependiente.Además, también se observó, una relación directa y significativa de la victimización escolar, sintomatología depresiva y conducta alimentaria de riesgo con la ideación suicida (AU)
This study tested a model of suicidal ideation in adolescents through a transverse type explanatory study. A stratified random sample of 1285 Mexican students from middle and high school was used.The questionnaires had an acceptable reliability index. The model is contrasted using the structural equations technique and the statistical package EQS 6.1, which explained the 33.10 of variance. The results showed satisfactory levels of absolute goodness of fit (RMSEA =. 41, GFI =. 953, AGFI =. 939) and comparative goodness of fit (CFI =. 951, IFI =. 958; NFI =. 925, NNFI =. 943). Finally, the Psychosocial Suicide Ideation Model (MEPIS, in Spanish) conforms well to the data and was compatible with the theoretical model proposed, in that it integrates a contextual structure showing a significant indirect relationship of family functioning and problems of school integration with the dependent variable. In addition, it was also observed that there was a direct and significant relation between school victimization, depressive symptoms, eating risk behavior and suicidal ideation (AU)
