Nori- and sea spaghetti- but not wakame-restructured pork decrease the hypercholesterolemic and liver proapototic short-term effects of high-dietary cholesterol consumption.

Restructured pork (RP) enriched in Seaweeds are potential functional foods. The antiapoptotic and hypocholesterolemic effects of consuming cholesterol enriched diets containing Wakame-RP (CW), Nori-RP (CN) and Sea Spaghetti (CS) were tested in a 1-wk study. Groups of six rats per group were fed a mix of 85% AIN-93M rodent-diet containing cholesterol and cholic acid as a cholesterol rising agent plus 15% RP containing alga. These diets were compared to control-RP diets enriched or not in cholesterol (CC and C, respectively). After 1-wk, cholesterol feeding significantly increased liver apoptosis markers which were significantly reduced by CS (cellular cycle DNA, caspase-3, and cytochrome c), CN (caspase-3 and cytochrome c) and CW (caspase-3) diets. CN and CS diets significantly blocked the cholesterolaemic rising effect observed in the CC group but no protective effect was observed in the CW group. Differences in seaweed composition added to RP appear responsible for blocking or not the proapoptotic and hypercholesterolemic effects of high cholesterol-RP consumption; thus, any generalization on seaweed effects or food containing seaweeds must be avoided. Although present results are worthy, future studies are demanded to ascertain the utility of consuming algal-RP as part of usual diets.

La incorporación de algas, ricas en fibra y compuestos asociados, a reestructurados de carne de cerdo (R) resulta en derivados cárnicos potencialmente funcionales. En este trabajo se estudian los efectos antiapoptóticos e hipocolesterolemiantes de dietas en las que se incluyen agentes hipercolesterolemiantes y R enriquecidos en diferentes algas, Wakame (RW), Nori-R (RN) y Espagueti de Mar (RE). Durante una semana grupos de seis ratas cada uno recibieron una mezcla constituida por 85% de dieta AIN- 93M para roedores suplementada con colesterol y ácido cólico, como agente hipercolesterolemiante, y 15% de RW, RN o RE. Estas dietas fueron comparadas con otras a las que se incorporó R control y a las que se añadió o no el agente hipercolesterolemiante. Después de 1 semana de tratamiento el incremento de marcadores de apoptosis hepática observado en el lote control con colesterol se redujo por el consumo de las dietas RE (DNA ciclo celular, caspasa-3, y citocromo c), RN (caspasa-3, y citocromo c) and RW (caspasa-3). Sólo las dietas con RN and RE bloquearon significativamente la inducción hipercolesterolemiante de la dieta control enriquecida en colesterol. Teniendo en cuenta las diferencias observadas entre los lotes respecto a sus efectos hipocolesterolémicos y antiapoptóticos, debe evitarse cualquier generalización sobre el consumo de algas y en particular de carnes conteniendo algas. Aunque los resultados son relevantes, deben realizarse estudios futuros para determinar la utilidad del consumo de estos R enriquecidos en algas dentro de dietas habituales.

Nori- and Sea spaghetti- but not Wakame-restructured pork decrease the hypercholesterolemic and liver proapototic short-term effects of high-dietary cholesterol consumption / El consumo de carne de cerdo reestructurada conteniendo Nori o, Espaguetti de Mar, pero no el de Wakame, reduce los efectos hipercolesterolemiantes y proapoptóticos hepáticos inducidos por altas cantidades de colesterol en la dieta

Restructured pork (RP) enriched in Seaweeds are potential functional foods. The ant apoptotic and hypocholesterolemic effects of consuming cholesterol enriched diets containing Wakame-RP (CW), Nori-RP (CN) and Sea Spaghetti (CS) were tested in a 1-wk study. Groups of six rats per group were fed a mix of 85% AIN-93Mrodent-diet containing cholesterol and cholic acid as a cholesterol rising agent plus 15% RP containing alga. These diets were compared to control-RP diets enriched or not in cholesterol (CC and C, respectively). After 1-wk,cholesterol feeding significantly increased liver apoptosis markers which were significantly reduced by CS (cellularcycle DNA, caspase-3, and cytochrome c), CN (caspase-3and cytochrome c) and CW (caspase-3) diets. CN and CSdiets significantly blocked the cholesterolaemic rising effect observed in the CC group but no protective effect was observed in the CW group. Differences in seaweed composition added to RP appear responsible for blocking or not the proapoptotic and hypercholesterolemia effects of high cholesterol-RP consumption; thus, any generalization on seaweed effects or food containing seaweeds must be avoided. Although present results are worthy, future studies are demanded to ascertain the utility of consuming algal-RP as part of usual diets (AU)

La incorporación de algas, ricas en fibra y compuestos asociados, a reestructurados de carne de cerdo (R) resulta en derivados cárnicos potencialmente funcionales. Eneste trabajo se estudian los efectos antiapoptóticos e hipocolesterolemia antes de dietas en las que se incluyen agentes hipercolesterolemiantes y R enriquecidos en diferentes algas, Wakame (RW), Nori-R (RN) y Espagueti de Mar(RE). Durante una semana grupos de seis ratas cada uno recibieron una mezcla constituida por 85% de dieta AIN-93M para roedores suplementada con colesterol y ácido cólico, como agente hipercolesterolemia te, y 15% deRW, RN o RE. Estas dietas fueron comparadas con otrasa las que se incorporó R control y a las que se añadió o no el agente hipercolesterolemiante. Después de 1 semana de tratamiento el incremento de marcadores de apoptosishepática observado en el lote control con colesterol seredujo por el consumo de las dietas RE (DNA ciclo celular,caspasa-3, y citocromo c), RN (caspasa-3, y citocromoc) and RW (caspasa-3). Sólo las dietas con RN and RE bloquearon significativamente la inducción hipercolesterolemiantede la dieta control enriquecida en colesterol. Teniendo en cuenta las diferencias observadas entre los lotes respecto a sus efectos hipocolesterolémicos y antiapoptóticos, debe evitarse cualquier generalización sobre el consumo de algas y en particular de carnes conteniendo algas. Aunque los resultados son relevantes, deben realizarse estudios futuros para determinar la utilidad del consumo de estos R enriquecidos en algas dentro de dietas habituales (AU)

Quercetin, a flavonoid antioxidant, prevents and protects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in mouse liver.

This study evaluates whether quercetin (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg body weight) treatment has a protective effect on the pro-oxidant-antioxidant state following chronic ethanol treatment in mice. Pretreatment (quercetin 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg body weight for 15 d+co-treatment of ethanol 18%+quercetin for 15 d and ethanol 18% for the 15 d) increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione (GSH) in comparison to the ethanol group. No significant differences from the ethanol group were observed in the group after post-treatment (ethanol 18% for 30 d+quercetin 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg body weight for 15 d) with quercetin. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) products was observed in liver tissue after administration of ethanol, which was attenuated by pre- and post-treatment with a high dose of quercetin. GSH levels increased and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels decreased in groups of ethanol-exposed mice that received quercetin for 15 d prior to ethanol exposure. In conclusion, pre-treatment of quercetin may protect against ethanol-induced oxidative stress by directly quenching lipid peroxides and indirectly by enhancing the production of the endogenous antioxidant GSH. There was no protective effect on post-treatment with quercetin.

Depletion of Kupffer cell function by gadolinium chloride attenuates thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Expression of metallothionein and HSP70.

Kupffer cell function plays an important role in drug-induced liver injury. Thus, gadolinium chloride (GD), by selectively inactivating Kupffer cells, can alleviate drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The effect of GD was studied in reference to metallothionein and heat shock proteins expression in an in vivo model of liver necrosis induced by thioacetamide. Rats, pre-treated or not with GD (0.1 mmol/kg), were intraperitoneally injected with thioacetamide (6.6 mmol/kg), and samples of blood and liver were obtained at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr. Parameters related to liver damage, Kupffer cell function, microsomal FAD monooxygenase activity, oxidative stress, and the expression of metallothionein and HSP70 were determined. GD significantly reduced serum myeloperoxidase activity and serum concentration of TNF alpha and IL-6, increased by thioacetamide. The extent of necrosis, the degree of oxidative stress and lipoperoxidation and microsomal FAD monooxygenase activity were significantly diminished by GD. The effect of GD induced noticeable changes in the expression of both metallothionein and HSP70, compared to those induced by thioacetamide. We conclude that GD pre-treatment reduces thioacetamide-induced liver injury and enhances the expression of metallothionein and HSP70. This effect, parallel to reduced levels of serum cytokines and myeloperoxidase activity, demonstrates that Kupffer cells are involved in thioacetamide-induced liver injury, the degree of contribution being approximately 50%.