Surface degradation and biofilm formation on hybrid and nanohybrid composites after immersion in different liquids.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the association of surface degradation and formation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm in resin-based composites (RBCs) after storage in different acidic liquids. METHODS: To evaluate microhardness and surface micromorphology, hybrid and nanohybrid RBC discs were stored in artificial gastric acid, cola drink, orange juice, artificial saliva, and distilled water for three intervals of 15 min per day for 7, 15, and 30 days. After 30 days of storage, surface roughness was analyzed, and the RBC discs were placed in a biofilm reactor inoculated with S. mutans to evaluate surface biofilm formation. RESULTS: As compared with nanohybrid RBCs, roughness and surface microhardness values were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for hybrid RBCs stored in artificial gastric acid, followed by specimens stored in cola drink and orange juice. Artificial gastric acid caused greater surface degradation, which increased the biomass of S. mutans on the surface of both RBC types. CONCLUSION: Surface degradation of hybrid and nanohybrid RBCs correlated with the pH of the liquid, while S. mutans biofilm formation was associated with increased surface roughness in hybrid RBCs.

El coronavirus. ¿Estábamos preparados? / The coronavirus. Were we prepared?

El planteamiento de este artículo no es presentar la gravedad del problema a nivel local, nacional y mundial, tampoco hacer un análisis científico, técnico, económico o social de toda la información publicada recientemente respecto a la enfermedad COVID-19 y sus consecuencias. El objetivo principal es reflexionar sobre tres preguntas que impactan a nuestra comunidad de profesionistas de la odontología, instituciones de educación encargadas de la preparación de futuros profesionistas e investigadores: 1. ¿Qué aspectos positivos existen derivados de esta pandemia que debemos rescatar y qué no estamos viendo? 2. ¿Qué podemos aportar desde una perspectiva profesional y social durante esta emergencia de salud pública? 3. ¿Qué cambios positivos se habrán generado en nuestra profesión cuando esta pandemia sea controlada? (AU)

The approach of this article is not to present the seriousness of the local, national and world problem, neither to give a scientific, technical, economic or social analysis of all the recently published information regarding the COVID-19 and its consequences. The main objective is to reflect on three questions that impact our community of dentistry professionals, educational institutions responsible of preparing future professionals and researchers: 1. What positive aspects are derived from this pandemic that we must rescue and that we are not seeing?; 2. What can we contribute from a professional and social perspective during this public health emergency ?; 3. What positive changes will have been generated in our profession when this pandemic is controlled? (AU)

Prevalence of oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS children in highly active antiretroviral therapy era. A literature analysis.

SummaryHighly active antiretroviral therapy has decreased the morbidity and mortality related to HIV infection, including oral opportunistic infections. This paper offers an analysis of the scientific literature on the epidemiological aspects of oral candidiasis in HIV-positive children in the combination antiretroviral therapy era. An electronic databases search was made covering the highly active antiretroviral therapy era (1998 onwards). The terms used were oral lesions, oral candidiasis and their combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy and HIV/AIDS children. The following data were collected from each paper: year and country in which the investigation was conducted, antiretroviral treatment, oral candidiasis prevalence and diagnostic parameters (clinical or microbiological). Prevalence of oral candidiasis varied from 2.9% in American HIV-positive children undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy to 88% in Chilean HIV-positive children without antiretroviral therapy. With respect to geographical location and antiretroviral treatment, higher oral candidiasis prevalence in HIV-positive children on combination antiretroviral therapy/antiretroviral therapy was reported in African children (79.1%) followed by 45.9% reported in Hindu children. In HIV-positive Chilean children on no antiretroviral therapy, high oral candidiasis prevalence was reported (88%) followed by Nigerian children (80%). Oral candidiasis is still frequent in HIV-positive children in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era irrespective of geographical location, race and use of antiretroviral therapy.