[Urban density and psychosis - does living in a city cause schizophrenia?]. / Densité urbaine et psychose - est-ce que vivre en ville rend schizophrène ?

While it has often been stated that prevalence of schizophrenia is the same around the world, many publications have shown this illness is twice more frequent in urban areas. Although many hypotheses have been proposed, the mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are still unknown. Besides potential biological explanations, a certain number of hypotheses emerging from social sciences have recently enriched the debate. This article reviews the literature related to this issue and describes the development of a research projects conducted in collaboration between the Institut of Geography at the University of Neuchâtel, the Department of Psychiatry at the Lausanne University and the Swiss branch of ISPS, a society promoting the psychological treatment of schizophrenia and other psychoses.

Endometrial stromal sarcoma: a report of nine cases.

Nine cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma are described. Four of the patients were categorized as having a uterine endolymphatic stromal myosis (ESM) with less than 10 mitoses per 10 HPF and five patients as having an endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) with more than 10 mitoses per 10 HPF. Another prognostic distinction based on the degree of stromal differentiation is also discussed. The symptomatology, diagnostic means, clinical features, and treatment are described.

Do nymphs of Parameletus chelifer and P. minor (Ephemeroptera) reduce mortality from predation by occupying temporary habitats?

The possible effect of predation on the habitat selection of nymphs of the two mayfly species Parameletus chelifer Bengtsson and P. minor (Bengtsson) was investigated for different habitats of a North Swedish boreal river. In spring, these two species migrate to river margins and subsequently, in different proportions, to adjacent seasonal ponds. Feeding rates on mayfly nymphs and mosquito larvae by some dytiscid beetles and larvae, a corixid waterbug and a caddisfly larva were studied in the laboratory. In the seasonal pond, the consumption rate of invertebrate predators on Parameletus nymphs was below that expected from their relative abundance, and mosquito larvae were preferred. At the river margin, where mosquito larvae were absent, Parameletus nymphs were consumed in agreement with their relative abundance. The absolute abundance of macroinvertebrate predators was similar at the river margin and in the pond. Fish predators visited the seasonal pond only during a short time of flood, while at the river margin their presence was continuous. In the seasonal pond, minnow and roach consumed nymphs of both P. chelifer and P. minor in a lower proportion than expected. At the river margin, nymphs of P. chelifer were consumed by minnow and ten-spined stickleback in a higher proportion than expected. Nymphs of P. minor were consumed according to expectance. Imagines of P. minor emerged early, and nymphs were equally abundant in the river and in the seasonal pond. In contrast, almost all nymphs of P. chelifer migrated to the seasonal pond. The later emergence of P. chelifer would probably result in a very high mortality from predation if it remained at the river margin.

Colposcopic, cytological and histological evaluation of the cervical stump 3 years after supravaginal uterine amputation.

Colposcopic, cytological and histological (endocervical curettage) evaluation of the remaining cervical stump was done 3 years after 99 supravaginal uterine amputations performed for benign condition. Peroperative electrocoagulation of the endocervical mucosa had been done in all the patients and postoperative ectocervical electrocoagulation in 39 (39.4%) cases. No active inflammatory, premalignant or malignant changes were detected at the 3-year examination of the cervix. Furthermore, normal adenomatous epithelium had been wholly or partly relaced by squamous epithelium in 89% of the cases.