Preclinical impairment of myocardial function in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Detection of myocardial strain by speckle tracking echocardiography.

OBJECTIVES: The incidence of heart failure is higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than in the general population and contributes to elevated cardiovascular mortality and morbidity rates. Impaired myocardial function can be detected by a novel echocardiographic method, speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), when conventional methods have yielded normal findings. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of disease duration on myocardial strain and strain rate parameters in patients with RA. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 37 RA patients [n=16, female gender n=16, mean age, 45.7 ± 9 years in the early-stage disease (ESD); n= 21, female gender n=19, 45.7 ± 16.8 years in the advanced-stage disease (ASD) group] who were compared according to early disease duration and advanced-stage disease (2.8 ± 1.2 vs. 14.6 ± 6.8 years, respectively). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular risk factors were excluded. Offline analysis of STE was performed and data between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: RS, RSR-E, and RSR-E/A values were statistically significantly lower in patients with ASD. Circumferential strain and strain rate were similar between the two groups. Except for LSR-E/A values, LS, LSR-S, LSR-E, and LSR-A values were decreased in patients with ASD. CONCLUSION: RA patients without clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease and in the absence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors can be followed up with STE. In this way, early impairment of myocardial deformation can be detected before the appearance of any clinical evidence of cardiac involvement.

What do patients really know about cardiopulmonary rehabilitation: a cross-sectional survey study.

BACKGROUND: Although it is known that cardiopulmonary rehabilitation (CPR) reduces mortality and morbidity, it is not widely implemented as is in Turkey. One factor might be lack of demand since the levels of knowledge and awareness among patients who are eligible for CPR seem to be insufficient. AIM: It is aimed to investigate the level of awareness and knowledge of CPR among patients with cardiopulmonary problems. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey study. SETTING: Outpatient. METHODS: Knowledge regarding CPR was assessed by questionnaires given to 690 patients recruited in seven university hospitals and six training and research hospitals in which either comprehensive or limited CPR services are available. POPULATION: Patients who have cardiopulmonary problems RESULTS: Of the patients, 34.7% were given information on CPR by healthcare staff, and 25.3% reported that their source of information was physicians. Although 49.9% of the patients knew that they needed to exercise for their cardiac/pulmonary problems, only 23.4% and 32.1% of those were aware that fast walking and climbing stairs, respectively, would not pose a risk to their cardiac/pulmonary health. The majority of the patients believed that activities of daily living, which comprise the most important component of exercise-based CPR, were harmful for their cardiopulmonary health. We found that 31.1% of the patients exercised regularly. During their stay at the hospital, certain kinds of exercises were suggested to 62.7% of the patients, and 34.7% of these patients performed various exercises. Of the patients who were given detailed information on cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, 69% stated that they would be willing to participate in a similar program. CONCLUSION: Although nearly half of the patients stated that they needed CR, it was observed that the ratio of patients who had true knowledge of CPR was low among patients. It is imperative to furnish patients with information on CPR, both in the field of PMR and throughout Turkey, and to put more effort into running those services effectively. Furthermore, we should make an effort to increase the level of liaison between patients and physicians and other healthcare professionals who participate in the treatment of cardiac/pulmonary patients.

Simultaneous upper and lower extremity complex regional pain syndrome type I in tetraplegia.

STUDY DESIGN: Clinical case report. OBJECTIVES: To present the first case of incomplete tetraplegic spinal cord injury (SCI) in which complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I was present in all four of the patient's extremities. SETTING: Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. METHODS: A 49-year-old man with incomplete tetraplegia (American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) C) was admitted to our clinic for rehabilitation. According to the patient's history, pain and edema began in his right foot 1(1/2) months after his injury. After 10 days later the same symptoms appeared in his left foot as well. In the third week after pain and edema appeared in the right foot, these were also observed in both hands, markedly in the left. RESULTS: Three-phase bone scan images supported a diagnosis of stage 3 CRPS type I in all four extremities. After the diagnosis was made, passive range of motion (PROM) exercises were started. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and whirlpool sessions were used for pain and edema control. Drug therapy included Calcitonin, Naproxen sodium and Amitriptyline. After 6 weeks of treatment, the patient's visual analog scale pain score had decreased to 38 mm from an initial score of 85 mm at the onset of the treatment, and PROM of wrists/hands, fingers and ankles had become full and painless. CONCLUSION: We conclude that CRPS type I might be more common in SCI than is usually suspected, and that tetraplegic patients should be carefully evaluated for the presence of CRPS type I in upper and lower extremities.