Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil in Zebrafish.

This study explored the protective capacity of the essential oil (EO) of Cymbopogon citratus against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the inflammatory potential in zebrafish. Using five concentrations of EO (0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.12, and 6.25 µg/mL) in the presence of 7.5 mM H2O2, we analyzed the effects on neutrophil migration, caudal fin regeneration, cellular apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) after 96 h of exposure. A significant decrease in neutrophil migration was observed in all EO treatments compared to the control. Higher concentrations of EO (3.12 and 6.25 µg/mL) resulted in a significant decrease in caudal fin regeneration compared to the control. SOD activity was reduced at all EO concentrations, CAT activity significantly decreased at 3.12 µg/mL, and GST activity increased at 0.78 µg/mL and 1.56 µg/mL, compared to the control group. No significant changes in ROS production were detected. A reduction in cellular apoptosis was evident at all EO concentrations, suggesting that C. citratus EO exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, influences regenerative processes, and protects against oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Drosophila nasuta (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in Brazil: a decade of invasion and occupation of more than half of the country.

As a result of human activities and natural dispersal, exotic species can be brought to new areas, where they become established and spread, becoming invaders. These species are responsible for the loss of biodiversity and cause ecosystemic harm throughout the world. In this paper, we report the rapid, broad geographic expansion of the invasive fly Drosophila nasuta in Brazil. An 84% increase was found in its area of occupation in the country compared to previous studies. The present data reveal its arrival to the Pantanal wetlands in a location more than one thousand kilometers from the closest previous record in the Cerrado biome. We present the first record of D. nasuta in the Atlantic Forest in the states of Paraíba and Bahia. We report its introduction in the Amazon Forest in the state of Amazonas approximately 700 kilometers from previous records. The relative abundance of D. nasuta in this biome increased fivefold in comparison to a previous study. In the first decade of invasion in Brazil, D. nasuta has already colonized more than half of the country. The present data reveal its invasive potential and underscore the importance of following up the possible negative effects of this biological invasion.

1H NMR Mixture Design-Fingerprints and ASCA Analysis in Ilex paraguariensis: Model Stability in Search of a Global Metabolome.

The effects of experimental repetitions and solvent extractors on the 1H NMR fingerprinting of yerba mate extracts, obtained from two genders and two light environments, were analyzed in-depth by ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). Different solvents were used according to a mixture design based on ethanol, dichloromethane, and hexane and their combinations. The number of experimental repetitions significantly affected the ASCA results. Increasing repetitions led to decreases in the percentage effect variance values and an increase in the percentage residual variance. However, secondary sexual dimorphism, light availability, and their interaction effects became more significant with decreasing p-values at or above the 95% confidence level. The choice of a solvent extractor significantly affects the chemical profile and can lead to distinct conclusions regarding the significance of effect values. Pure solvents yielded different conclusions about the significance of factorial design effects, with each solvent extracting unique metabolites and maximizing information for specific effects. However, the use of binary solvent mixtures, such as ethanol-dichloromethane, proved more efficient in extracting sets of compounds that simultaneously differentiate between different experimental conditions. The mixture design-fingerprint strategy provided satisfactory results expanding the range of extracted metabolites with high percentage of residual variances and low explained percentage effect variances in the ASCA models. Ternary and even higher-ordered mixtures could be good alternative extracting media for work-intensive procedures. Our study underscores the significance of experimental design and solvent selection in metabolomic analysis, improving the accuracy, robustness, and interpretability of metabolomic models, leading to a better understanding of the chemical composition and biological implications of plant extracts.

Antes de Louise Brown: representações sociais do embrião in vitro na imprensa / Before Louise Brown: social representations of the in vitro embryo in the press

Quando um novo fato científico aparece nas discussões públicas e nas controvérsias políticas, as pessoas são socialmente convocadas a interpretar uma realidade em constante mutação. Este artigo analisou as representações sociais que circularam na Folha de São Paulo sobre o embrião in vitro até o ano de 1978, quando nasceu o primeiro "bebê de proveta". Foram encontradas 67 reportagens publicadas entre janeiro de 1961 e dezembro de 1978, que foram analisadas com ajuda do software Alceste. Os resultados mostram cinco classes de palavras organizadas em dois eixos de sentidos: Desenvolvimento e alcances da manipulação de materiais germinativos e Impactos da fertilização in vitro na família. No contexto emergente das novas tecnologias reprodutivas, o embrião in vitro suscitou questões axiológicas ligadas à filiação, ao parentesco e ao humano na esfera pública brasileira.

When a new scientific fact appears in public discussions and political controversies, people are socially called upon to interpret a constantly changing reality. This paper analyzed the social representations that circulated in Folha de São Paulo about the in vitro embryo until 1978, when the first "test tube baby" was born. We found 67 reports published between January 1961 and December1978 that were analyzed with the help of Alceste software. The results show five classes of words organized in two axes of meanings: Development and scope of manipulation of germinal materials and Impacts of in vitro fertilization on the family. In the emerging context of new reproductive technologies, thein vitro embryo raised axiological questions related to filiation, kinship and the human in the Brazilian public sphere.

Memória Histórica e Representações Sociais / Historical memory and social representations: contributions and possible articulations

Este artigo objetivou analisar as articulações teóricas entre memória histórica e representações sociais. Tomando a perspectiva sociocultural da memória, três aspectos foram problematizados: quais temáticas em memória histórica poderiam ser objetos de representações sociais; o papel da memória histórica nos processos de ancoragem e objetivação; e a relação entre disputas memoriais e representações sociais. A partir da abordagem sociogenética das representações sociais, apontou-se que temáticas em memória histórica que tangem às zonas de tensão podem ser articuladoras entre os campos memoriais e representacionais. Utilizando o Devoir de Memoíre na França, os processos de ancoragem e objetivação podem ser analisados a partir de discussões voltadas à legitimação de narrativas e embates acerca da nomeação de eventos históricos. As disputas memoriais revelam dinâmicas representacionais em relação ao passado social. Por fim, a memória histórica e as representações sociais vinculam-se a diferenças grupais, bem como a conflitos simbólicos.

This paper aimed to analyze the theoretical articulations between historical memory and social representations. Based on the sociocultural perspective of memory, three aspects were discussed: which themes in historical memory could be objects of social representations; the role of historical memory in anchoring and objectification processes, and the relation between memorial disputes and social representations. From the sociogenetic approach to social representations, it was pointed out that themes in historical memory that relate to tension zones can be articulators between the memorial and representational fields. Using the "Devoir de Memoíre" in France, the anchoring and objectification processes can be analyzed from discussions aimed at legitimizing narratives and disputes regarding the naming of historical events. The memorial disputes re-veal representational dynamics in relation to the social past. Finally, historical memory and social representations are linked to group differences, as well as symbolic conflicts.

Elements for assistance to patients with hematological malignancies to propose care lines: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the elements for assistance to patients with hematological malignancies to propose a care line. METHODS: this is a scoping review, anchored in the JBI theoretical framework, with searches carried out in April 2021, in eight electronic databases and 10 repositories of theses and dissertations. RESULTS: the final sample consisted of 93 studies, and the main forms of assistance provided that can support a care line for this public were imaging tests, immunophenotyping, chemotherapy regimens, radiotherapy, infection management, assessment of nutritional status, maintenance of oral function, symptom management and screening for second malignancies. CONCLUSIONS: the elaboration of a care line for onco-hematologic patients is necessary, considering the complexity surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancies, in addition to the difficulties that are imposed in relation to access and continuity of care in the network.

Application of 1H HR-MAS NMR-Based Metabolite Fingerprinting of Marine Microalgae.

Natural products from the marine environment as well as microalgae, have been known for the complexity of the metabolites they produce due to their adaptability to different environmental conditions, which has been an inexhaustible source of several bioactive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, and antimicrobial. This study aims to characterize the main metabolites of three species of microalgae (Nannochloropsis oceanica, Chaetoceros muelleri, and Conticribra weissflogii), which have important applications in the biofuel and nutrition industries, by 1H High-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (1H HR-MAS NMR), a method which is non-destructive, is highly reproducible, and requires minimal sample preparation. Even though the three species were found in the same ecosystem and a superior production of lipid compounds was observed, important differences were identified in relation to the production of specialized metabolites. These distinct properties favor the use of these compounds as leaders in the development of new bioactive compounds, especially against environmental, human, and animal pathogens (One Health), and demonstrate their potential in the development of alternatives for aquaculture.

Antes de Louise Brown: representações sociais do embrião in vitro na imprensa / Before Louise Brown: social representations of the in vitro embryo in the press

Quando um novo fato científico aparece nas discussões públicas e nas controvérsias políticas, as pessoas são socialmente convocadas a interpretar uma realidade em constante mutação. Este artigo analisou as representações sociais que circularam na Folha de São Paulo sobre o embrião in vitro até o ano de 1978, quando nasceu o primeiro “bebê de proveta”. Foram encontradas 67 reportagens publicadas entre janeiro de 1961 e dezembro de 1978, que foram analisadas com ajuda do software Alceste. Os resultados mostram cinco classes de palavras organizadas em dois eixos de sentidos: Desenvolvimento e alcances da manipulação de materiais germinativos e Impactos da fertilização in vitro na família. No contexto emergente das novas tecnologias reprodutivas, o embrião in vitro suscitou questões axiológicas ligadas à filiação, ao parentesco e ao humano na esfera pública brasileira. (AU)

When a new scientific fact appears in public discussions and political controversies, people are socially called upon to interpret a constantly changing reality. This paper analyzed the social representations that circulated in Folha de São Paulo about the in vitro embryo until 1978, when the first “test tube baby” was born. We found 67 reports published between January 1961 and December1978 that were analyzed with the help of Alceste software. The results show five classes of words organized in two axes of meanings: Development and scope of manipulation of germinal materials and Impacts of in vitro fertilization on the family. In the emerging context of new reproductive technologies, thein vitro embryo raised axiological questions related to filiation, kinship and the human in the Brazilian public sphere. (AU)

Factors associated with psychopathological symptoms among nurses at a university hospital / Factoresasociados a síntomas psicopatológicos en enfermeros de un hospital universitario / Fatores associados aos sintomas psicopatológicos entre enfermeiros de um hospital universitário

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the factors associated with psychopathological symptoms among nurses at a university hospital. Methods: a cross-sectional study developed at a university hospital in Pernambuco, in which 90 nurses participated. A questionnaire with social and professional characteristics and the Symptom Assessment Scale were used. Results: an association was found between the variable changing profession and the presence of characteristic symptoms of psychoticism, somatization and anxiety among nurses. Conclusions: the emergence of psychopathological symptoms has influenced nurses' desire to search for another profession. This evidence reinforces the need for greater investments in better working conditions and welcoming actions in the work environment, in order to provide a better quality of professional life and promote the health of these workers.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar los factores asociados a síntomas psicopatológicos en enfermeros de un hospital universitario. Métodos: estudio transversal, desarrollado en un hospital universitario de Pernambuco, en el que participaron 90 enfermeros. Se utilizó un cuestionario con características socioprofesionales y la Escala de Evaluación de Síntomas. Resultados: se encontró asociación entre la variable cambio de profesión y la presencia de síntomas característicos de psicoticismo, somatización y ansiedad entre los enfermeros. Conclusiones: la aparición de síntomas psicopatológicos ha influido en el deseo de los enfermeros de buscar otra profesión. Esta evidencia refuerza la necesidad de mayores inversiones en mejores condiciones de trabajo y acciones de acogida en el ambiente de trabajo, con el fin de proporcionar una mejor calidad de vida profesional y promover la salud de estos trabajadores.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar os fatores associados aos sintomas psicopatológicos entre enfermeiros de um hospital universitário. Métodos: estudo transversal, desenvolvido em um hospital universitário de Pernambuco, em que participaram 90 enfermeiros. Foi utilizado um questionário com características sociais e profissiográficas e a Escala de Avaliação de Sintomas. Resultados: foi constatada a associação entre a variável mudar de profissão e a presença de sintomas característicos de psicoticismo, somatização e ansiedade entre os enfermeiros. Conclusões: o surgimento de sintomas psicopatológicos tem influenciado no desejo de enfermeiros na busca por outra profissão. Essa evidência reforça a necessidade de maiores investimentos em melhores condições de trabalho e ações de acolhimento no ambiente laboral, a fim de proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida profissional e favorecer a promoção a saúde desses trabalhadores.

Elements for assistance to patients with hematological malignancies to propose care lines: a scoping review / Elementos de asistencia a pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas para proponer líneas de atención: revisión de alcance / Elementos para assistência a pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas para propor linhas de cuidado: scoping review

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the elements for assistance to patients with hematological malignancies to propose a care line. Methods: this is a scoping review, anchored in the JBI theoretical framework, with searches carried out in April 2021, in eight electronic databases and 10 repositories of theses and dissertations. Results: the final sample consisted of 93 studies, and the main forms of assistance provided that can support a care line for this public were imaging tests, immunophenotyping, chemotherapy regimens, radiotherapy, infection management, assessment of nutritional status, maintenance of oral function, symptom management and screening for second malignancies. Conclusions: the elaboration of a care line for onco-hematologic patients is necessary, considering the complexity surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancies, in addition to the difficulties that are imposed in relation to access and continuity of care in the network.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar los elementos para la asistencia a pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas para proponer una línea de atención. Métodos: se trata de una revisión de alcance, anclada en el marco teórico del JBI, con búsquedas realizadas en abril de 2021 en ocho bases de datos electrónicas y 10 repositorios de tesis y disertaciones. Resultados: la muestra final estuvo compuesta por 93 estudios, y las principales formas de asistencia brindadas que pueden sustentar una línea de atención a este público fueron pruebas de imagen, inmunofenotipificación, regímenes de quimioterapia, radioterapia, manejo de infecciones, evaluación del estado nutricional, mantenimiento de la función oral, manejo de síntomas y detección de segundas neoplasias malignas. Conclusiones: es necesario el desarrollo de una línea de atención al paciente oncohematológico, dada la complejidad que rodea al diagnóstico y tratamiento de las neoplasias hematológicas, además de las dificultades que se imponen en relación al acceso y continuidad de la atención en una red.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar os elementos para assistência a pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas para propor uma linha de cuidado. Métodos: trata-se de uma scoping review, ancorada no referencial teórico do JBI, com buscas realizadas em abril de 2021 em oito bases de dados eletrônicas e 10 repositórios de teses e dissertações. Resultados: a amostra final foi composta por 93 estudos, e as principais formas de assistências prestadas que podem embasar uma linha de cuidado para esse público foram exames de imagem, imunofenotipagem, regimes quimioterápicos, radioterapia, gestão de infecções, avaliação do estado nutricional, manutenção da função oral, gerenciamento de sintomas e rastreio para segundas neoplasias. Conclusões: a elaboração de uma linha de cuidados para pacientes onco-hematológicos se faz necessária, tendo em vista a complexidade que cerca o diagnóstico e tratamento das neoplasias hematológicas, além das dificuldades que se impõem em relação ao acesso e continuidade do cuidado em rede.

Gene editing of the human embryo: tensions and controversies among scientists / Edição genética do embrião humano: tensões e controvérsias de posicionamentos entre cientistas

Objective: This study analyzed the relation between the position of scientists on embryo editing and the different types of knowledge involved. Methods: A lexical analysis of 151 scientific articles in the PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted using the IRAMUTEQ software. Results: The results showed that gene editing in embryos is presented in two argumentative branches: the first refers to the editing technique and its possibilities; the second discusses the impacts of these techniques on the public arena. The results demonstrate a consensus regarding the potential of editing; however, dilemmas about its effectiveness were also highlighted. Conclusion: The presence of ethical conflicts with embryo editing among the specialists was evidenced especially regarding the birth of genetically modified babies. Therefore, gene editing is marked by conflicts that are not limited only to biological contexts, but that encompasses different aspects of social life.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a relação entre o posicionamento dos cientistas sobre a edição de embriões e os diferentes tipos de conhecimento envolvidos nesses debates. Método: Utilizando o software IRAMUTEQ realizou-se uma análise lexical de 151 artigos científicos nas bases de dados PubMed e Web of Science. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que a edição genética de embriões se apresenta em dois blocos argumentativos: o primeiro se refere à técnica de edição e suas possibilidades e o segundo discute os impactos dessas técnicas na arena pública. Os achados demonstram consenso sobre as potencialidades da edição, contudo dilemas sobre a sua eficácia foram também destacados. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se a presença de embates éticos sobre a edição de embriões entre os especialistas em relação ao nascimento de bebês geneticamente modificados. Observou-se que a edição genética é marcada por conflitos que não se limitam apenas a contextos biológicos, mas que tangem diferentes aspectos da vida social.

Factors associated with psychopathological symptoms among nurses at a university hospital.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the factors associated with psychopathological symptoms among nurses at a university hospital. METHODS: a cross-sectional study developed at a university hospital in Pernambuco, in which 90 nurses participated. A questionnaire with social and professional characteristics and the Symptom Assessment Scale were used. RESULTS: an association was found between the variable changing profession and the presence of characteristic symptoms of psychoticism, somatization and anxiety among nurses. CONCLUSIONS: the emergence of psychopathological symptoms has influenced nurses' desire to search for another profession. This evidence reinforces the need for greater investments in better working conditions and welcoming actions in the work environment, in order to provide a better quality of professional life and promote the health of these workers.

Madness and Anchoring in the Brazilian Press: A Study in Social Representation / Loucura e Ancoragem na Imprensa Brasileira: Estudo em Representação Social / Locura y Anclaje en la Prensa Brasileña: Estudio en Representación Social

Abstract The Brawzilian Psychiatric Reform sought to introduce new perspectives on madness, integrating other meanings about mental health; however, it seems that mad and crazy are used in everyday communications to describe social events and behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the main contents and beliefs that anchor the social representations of madness in a printed newspaper. A Thematic Content Analysis was carried out with 846 articles from the newspaper Folha de São Paulo from the years 1978 and 2018. Seven categories were constructed that anchor the idea of madness: Eccentric, Unpredictable, Intense, Irrational, Violent, Subversive, and Transgressive. The stories reinforce the stigma of madness as something divergent, strange. The construction of an inverse anchoring underlies the representations of madness, demarcating the distance between the "normal" and the "crazy. It was concluded that madness is still understood based on social devaluation and demeaning, leading to exclusionary practices.

Resumo A Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira visou introduzir novas formas de pensar a loucura, trazendo outros sentidos sobre a saúde mental, no entanto, observa-se nas comunicações cotidianas o uso das expressões louco e loucura para adjetivar acontecimentos sociais ou comportamentos diferentes. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os principais conteúdos e crenças que ancoram as representações sociais da loucura em um jornal impresso. Realizou-se uma Análise de Conteúdo Temática com 846 matérias do jornal Folha de São Paulo dos anos de 1978 e 2018. Construíram-se sete categorias que ancoram a ideia de loucura: Excêntrico, Imprevisível, Intenso, Irracional, Violento, Subversivo e Transgressor. As matérias reforçam o estigma da loucura como algo divergente, estranho. A construção de uma ancoragem inversa fundamenta as representações da loucura demarcando o distanciamento entre os "normais" e os "loucos". Concluiu-se que a loucura ainda é compreendida a partir da desvalorização e desmerecimento social, acarretando em práticas de exclusão.

Resumen La locura se configura como un objeto social que permea diferentes grupos y esferas de la arena pública. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los principales contenidos y creencias que anclan las representaciones sociales de la locura en un periódico brasileño. Se utilizaron materiales del periódico Folha de São Paulo de 1978 y 2018. El corpus fue analizado a partir del Análisis de Contenido Temático. Los resultados demuestran la existencia de siete categorías que anclan la comprensión de la locura: Excéntrica, Impredecible, Intensa, Irracional, Violenta, Subversiva y Transgresora. Así, se hizo evidente que los artículos periodísticos refuerzan el estigma de la locura como algo divergente. La construcción de un ancla inversa es un fundamento central para comprender las representaciones de la locura, ejemplificada desde la distancia entre lo "normal" y lo "loco". En ese sentido, la locura se entiende desde la desvalorización y indignidad social, traduciéndose en prácticas de exclusión.

A dimensão ética das representações sociais: o crack entre usuários da rede socioassistencial / The ethical dimension of social representations: crack among users of the social assistance network / La dimensión ética de las representaciones sociales: crack entre usuarios de la red socioasistencial

O consumo de crack na cena pública tem sido simbolicamente apropriado por meio de significados e práticas inseridos em contextos de vulnerabilidade e degradação social. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar as implicações da dimensão ética dos processos de construção de representações sociais sobre o crack em usuários da rede socioassistencial. Foram realizados três grupos focais com 15 homens, todos usuários do Centro de Acolhimento e Apoio do Programa de Atenção Integral aos Usuários de Drogas e seus Familiares (Programa Atitude), em Pernambuco. As comunicações foram transcritas e os dados submetidos a uma análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciam o papel dos afetos na regulação dos modos de ser e agir dos participantes diante das normas do campo representacional do crack e seus fenômenos. Destacaram-se afetos de raiva, ódio, vergonha e humilhação articulados com processos de exclusão e estigmatização social, racial e territorial, que os constroem hegemonicamente como alteridades criminalizadas e desumanizadas. Desse modo, a dimensão ética analisada indica que o sentido de vida que circunscreve as experiências desses sujeitos se conforma pela busca de um status social valorizado, processo no qual a relação com o crack está presente, mas não é exatamente o aspecto mais importante das suas experiências no mundo.(AU)

Crack consumption in the public scene has been symbolically appropriated by use of meanings and practices inserted in contexts of vulnerability and social degradation. This research aimed to investigate the implications of the ethical dimension of the construction processes of social representations about crack among users of the social assistance network. Three focus groups were carried out with 15 men, all users of the Reception and Support Center of the Comprehensive Care Program for Drug Users and their Families (Atitude Program) in the state of Pernambuco. Communications were transcribed and data submitted to content analysis. The results show the role of affections in the regulation of the participants' ways of being and acting in view of the norms of the representational field of crack and its phenomena. Affects of anger, hatred, shame, and humiliation stood out, articulated with processes of exclusion and social, racial and territorial stigmatization, which build them hegemonically as criminalized and dehumanized alterities. Thus, the analyzed ethical dimension indicates that the meaning of life that circumscribes the experiences of these subjects is conformed by the search for a valued social status, a process in which the relationship with crack is present, but it is not exactly the most important aspect of their experiences in the world.(AU)

El consumo de crack en la escena pública se ha apropiado simbólicamente a través de significados y prácticas insertas en contextos de vulnerabilidad y degradación social. El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar las implicaciones de la dimensión ética de los procesos de construcción de representaciones sociales sobre el crack entre los usuarios de la red socioasistencial. Se compusieron tres grupos focales con 15 hombres, usuarios del Centro de Acogida y Apoyo del Programa de Atención Integral a los Consumidores de Drogas y sus Familias (Programa Atitude) en Pernambuco, Brasil. Los relatos se transcribieron, y los datos pasaron por un análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran el papel de los sentimientos en la regulación de los modos de ser y actuar de los participantes frente a las normas del campo representacional del crack y sus fenómenos. Se destacaron los sentimientos de ira, odio, vergüenza y humillación, articulados con los procesos de exclusión, estigma social, racial y territorial, que los construyen de manera hegemónica como una figura de alteridad criminalizada y deshumanizada. Así, la dimensión ética en análisis apunta a que el sentido de la vida que circunscribe las vivencias de estos sujetos está conformado por la búsqueda de un estatus social valorado, proceso en el que la relación con el crack está presente, pero no es precisamente el aspecto más importante de sus experiencias en el mundo.(AU)

A droga como dispositivo de controle social: uma análise das representações sociais do álcool, maconha e crack na imprensa brasileira / Las drogas como dispositivo de control social: un análisis de las representaciones sociales del alcohol, la marihuana y el crack en la prensa brasileña / Drugs as a social control device: an analysis of the social representations of alcohol, marijuana and crack in the brazilian press

RESUMO. As drogas se consolidam como um dos arquétipos culturais predominantes no cotidiano das sociedades urbanas, sendo sua presença ubíqua em praticamente todas as culturas. Os registros históricos apresentam ampla variabilidade de substâncias que em dado momento eram classificadas como o perigo social da época e que em outro se tornavam banalizadas ou tipificadas como inofensivas. Assim, esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar como dispositivo droga que se consolida em diferentes períodos históricos. Para isso, foram coletadas 4.227 matérias dos jornais Folha da Manhã, Folha da Noite e Folha de São Paulo, que abordassem questões relativas ao álcool (década de 1920), maconha (décadas de 1930 a 1960) e crack (década de 1980 a 2005) e realizada Análise Temática de Conteúdo. Os resultados permitem afirmar que a característica central que define todas as substâncias analisadas nos distintos momentos históricos é o risco social que ela apresenta. A droga se constitui como um risco aos usuários ao mesmo tempo que os institui enquanto uma figura de ameaça social. Ao se referenciar uma substância como uma droga, são ativados sentidos que remetem a um quadro de decadência e criminalidade.

RESUMEN. Las drogas se consolidan como uno de los arquetipos culturales predominantes en la vida cotidiana de las sociedades urbanas, y su presencia ubicua en prácticamente todas las culturas. Los registros históricos muestran una amplia variabilidad de sustancias que en un momento se clasificaron como el peligro social de la época y en otro momento se trivializaron o tipificaron como inofensivas. Así que este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar cómo diferentes sustancias psicoactivas se encuentran en la prensa como un riesgo social en diferentes momentos. Para ello, se recogieron 4.227 artículos del periódico Folha da Manhã, Folha da Noite y Folha de São Paulo, que abordasen temas relacionados con el alcohol (1920), marihuana (1930 a 1960) y el crack (1980 a 2005) y se realizó un Análisis Temático de Contenido. Los resultados muestran que la característica definitoria de todas las drogas examinadas en los diferentes momentos históricos es el riesgo social que presenta. La droga se constituye como un riesgo para los usuarios mientras los establece como una figura de amenaza social. Al hacer referencia a una sustancia como droga, se activan sentidos que conducen a un marco de decadencia y criminalidad.

ABSTRACT Drugs are one of the predominant cultural archetypes in the daily life of urban societies, and their ubiquitous presence in almost all cultures. Historical records show a wide variability of substances that at one point were classified as the social danger of the time and at another time trivialized or typified as harmless. Thus, this study aimed to analyze how different psychoactive substances are constituted in the press as a social risk at different times. For this, we collected 4,227 articles of newspapers Folha da Manhã, Folha da Noite and Folha de São Paulo, that addressed issues related to alcohol (1920), marijuana (1930s to 1960) and crack (1980s to 2005) and performed a Thematic Content Analysis. The results indicate that the central defining characteristic of all drugs examined in the different historical moments is the social risk it has. The drug is constituted as a risk to users while establishing them as a figure of social threat. When referring a substance as a drug, senses are activated that denote to a situation of decadence and crime.

A Polêmica do Aborto: Reflexões Teórico-Metodológicas sobre uma Representação não Autônoma / The Controversy of Abortion: Theoretical-Methodological Reflections on a non-Autonomous Representation / La Controversia del Aborto: Reflexiones Teórico-Metodológicas sobre una Representación no Autónoma

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão teórico-metodológica sobre representações sociais não autônomas e polêmicas, a partir da análise estrutural sobre a representação social de aborto. Participaram da pesquisa 171 estudantes dos cursos de medicina, direito e enfermagem. Foi aplicado um questionário associação livre de palavras (TALP), com o termo indutor: aborto. Foi realizada uma triangulação metodológica, através das análises: prototípica, de similitude e de correspondências múltiplas (ACM). A estrutura representacional dos elementos mais salientes indicou consistentes polarizações de sentidos, levantando um questionamento sobre a existência de um núcleo central que exerça a função de locus de referência dessa representação social. A análise de similitude apontou dois núcleos de sentidos, a partir dos elementos morte e mulher. A ACM também destacou a polêmica presente nessa representação social, a partir dos dissensos intragrupo identificados. Esses resultados permitiram considerar que a representação social de aborto, aqui investigada caracteriza-se como uma representação não autônoma e polêmica. (AU)

This paper aims to provide a theorical-methodological reflection on non-autonomous and controversial social representations, based on the structural analysis of the social representation of abortion. 171 students from medicine, law and nursing courses participated in the study. A free association of words (FAW) questionnaire was applied with the inducer term: abortion. Three types of analyses were conducted (prototypical, similarity and multiple correspondences-MCA) using a methodological triangulation. The results indicated consistent polarizations of meanings within the elements of the representational structure, which raises questions about the existence of a central nucleus that acts as a reference locus of the social representation of abortion. The similarity analysis presented two semantic universes, exemplified by the elements of death and woman. Also, the AMC evidenced the controversial aspect of the social representation of abortion, demonstrating disagreements within the analyzed groups. To conclude, the results indicate that the social representation of abortion is described as a non-autonomous and controversial representation. (AU)

Este artículo propone una reflexión teórico-metodológica sobre representaciones sociales no autónomas y controvertidas, basada en el análisis estructural de la representación social del aborto. 171 estudiantes de los cursos de medicina, derecho y enfermería participaron en el estudio. Se aplicó un cuestionario de asociación libre de palabras, con el término inductor: aborto. Se realizó una triangulación metodológica a través de los siguientes análisis: prototípicos, de similitud y de correspondencias múltiples (MCA). La estructura de las represencaciones de los elementos más destacados indicaba polarizaciones consistentes de significados, lo que plantea una pregunta sobre la existencia de un núcleo central que ejerce el lugar de referencia de esta representación social. El análisis de similitud apuntaba a dos núcleos de significados, a partir de los elementos muerte y mujer. La ACM también destacó la controversia presente en esta representación social, basada en los desacuerdos intragrupo identificados. Estos resultados nos permitieron considerar que la representación social del aborto, aquí investigada, se caracteriza como una representación no autónoma y controvertida. (AU)

First dinosaur tracks from the Açu Formation, Potiguar Basin (mid-Cretaceous of Brazil).

We record a new ichnosite bearing dinosaur tracks from the mid-Cretaceous (Aptian? -Cenomanian) of Brazil. The Fazenda dos Pingos ichnosite is situated within a sandstone pavement of the Açu Formation (Açu 3 unit) from the Potiguar Basin in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. This is a small ichnofauna, with only a few individual isolated tracks. One specimen is unequivocally attributed to a large sauropod and another to an ornithopod. Two other specimens represent poorly preserved tracks assigned to sauropods. This is the first record of dinosaur tracks from the Potiguar Basin and from the Rio Grande do Norte State.

O Home office na pandemia do Covid19 e os impactos na saúde mental / The home office in the Covid pandemic19 and the impacts on mental health

A pandemia do Covid19 colocou em estado de pânico empregados e empregadores. De modo imperativo, a modalidade home office passou a ser a rotina de milhões de pessoas. A rapidez com que essas mudanças se instalaram parece ter exigido grande adaptação implicando em ajustes laborais, ambientais, familiares, além de precisar dar conta das responsabilidades exigidas no trabalho. O objetivo deste artigo foi compreender se a vivência do home office adotado de forma emergencial na pandemia trouxe impactos para a saúde mental do trabalhador. Para tanto, utilizou-se a abordagem da Teoria das Representações Sociais, numa análise qualitativa, com uso de questionário online e software Iramuteq. Os resultados demonstraram que o trabalhar na pandemia em home office mostrou a presença de uma dialética na vivência dos trabalhadores, e elementos de impacto na saúde mental deles, seja pelo aumento das percepções de estresse, ansiedade, sobrecarga e possíveis adoecimentos, seja pelo sentimento de alívio, refúgio e bem estar. Ambas as percepções tem exigido adaptação e desperta a necessidade de intervenção sobre cuidados com esse público, tanto pelas vias da Saúde Pública como das próprias instituições corporativas através de ações dos recursos humanos e de seus gestores.(AU)

The Covid pandemic19 panicked employees and employers. Imperatively, the home office modality has become the routine of thousands of people. The speed with which these changes took place seems to have required great adaptation, implying labor, environmental and family adjustments, in addition to having to account for the responsibilities required at work. The objective of this article was to understand whether the experience of the home office adopted in an emergency in the pandemic had impacts on the mental health of the worker. For that, the Social Representations Theory approach was used, in a qualitative analysis, using an online questionnaire and Iramuteq software. The results demonstrate that working in the pandemic in the home office showed the presence of a dialectic in the experience of workers, and elements of impact on their mental health, either by the increase in perceptions of stress, anxiety, overload and possible illnesses, or by the feeling of relief, refuge and well-being. Both perceptions have required adaptation and arouse the need for intervention in care for this audience, both through Public Health and corporate institutions themselves through the actions of human resources and their managers.(AU)

La pandemia de Covid19 asustó a empleados y empleadores. De manera imperativa, la modalidad de home office se ha convertido en la rutina de miles de personas. La rapidez con la que se produjeron estos cambios parece haber requerido una gran adaptación, lo que implica ajustes laborales, ambientales y familiares, además de tener que dar cuenta de las responsabilidades exigidas en el trabajo. El objetivo de este artículo fue comprender si la experiencia del Ministerio del Interior adoptado en una emergencia en la pandemia tuvo impactos en la salud mental del trabajador. Para ello, se utilizó el enfoque de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, en un análisis cualitativo, utilizando un cuestionario en línea y el software Iramuteq. Los resultados demuestran que trabajar en la pandemia en el Ministerio del Interior mostró la presencia de una dialéctica en la experiencia de los trabajadores, y elementos de impacto en su salud mental, ya sea por el aumento de las percepciones de estrés, ansiedad, sobrecarga y posibles enfermedades, o por la sensación de alivio, refugio y bienestar. Ambas percepciones han requerido adaptación y suscitan la necesidad de intervención en la atención a este público, tanto a través de la Salud Pública como de las propias instituciones corporativas a través de la actuación de los recursos humanos y sus gestores.(AU)

Nanoemulsions with Chloroaluminium Phthalocyanine and Paromomycin for Combined Photodynamic and Antibiotic Therapy for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using chloroaluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) and paromomycin sulfate (PM) can be effective against New World Leishmania species involved in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The aim of this study is to assay the skin permeation and the antileishmanial effects of a nanoemulsion (NE) containing both ClAlPc and PM in experimental CL by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cremophor ELP/castor oil-based NEs were prepared by a low-energy method and characterized for their physicochemical parameters. The NEs were used to deliver both ClAlPc and PM to leishmania cells. The in vitro toxicity of NEs were tested in vitro against L. (V.) braziliensis and THP-1 cells. The in vivo toxicity was assessed in non-infected BALB/c mice. Ex-vivo permeation and retention studies using healthy mice skin were also conducted. Finally, the in vivo activity of NE-PM+ClAlPc after PDT was tested in BALB/c mice infected with parasites. RESULTS: NEs are colloidally stable with average droplet diameter of 30 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) below 0.2, and zeta potential near zero. Both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes treated with NE-PM, NE-ClAlPc and NE-PM+ClAlPc were inhibited at >50%, >95%, >88%, respectively, after PDT with a phototoxic index (PI) >1.2. No skin ClAlPc permeation was observed. In contrast, PM skin permeation was 80-fold higher using PM-loaded NE formulation in comparison to aqueous PM solution. Topical treatment with NE formulations showed no signs of local toxicity or genotoxicity. In addition, concentrations of PM between 27.3 - 292.5 µM/25 mg of tissue were detected in different organs. In vivo, the NE-PM+ClAlPc treatment did not reduce skin lesions. CONCLUSION: The Cremophor ELP/castor oil NE formulation increases the permeation of PM through the skin and can be used to co-deliver PM plus ClAlPc for combined PDT protocols. However, the lack of efficacy in the in vivo model evidences that the therapeutical scheme has to be improved.

Invasion and Spreading of Drosophila nasuta (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in the Caatinga Biome, Brazil.

Biological invasions are one of the main causes of biodiversity loss, and it is essential to understand the pattern and rate of expansion of invasive species outside their native distribution. In this study, we documented the invasion of the Asian fruit fly, Drosophila nasuta Lamb, in the Caatinga, and measured its geographical distribution in this environment, which covers 11% of the Brazilian territory. We collected drosophilids in eight sites distributed in the north of the Caatinga (in the state of Ceará), in the south (in Bahia), in the east (in Pernambuco), and in the west (in Piauí), as well as in sites in the central area of the biome. Drosophila nasuta occurred in all areas and was one of the most frequently occurring species in half of the sampled sites. We observed greater abundance in areas with arboreal vegetation and a possible preference of this species for areas with higher annual rainfall in the Caatinga. Of all the biomes where D. nasuta is found in Brazil, the area occupied in the Caatinga is the largest documented to date. Our results show D. nasuta's success in invading the Caatinga and the vast area this species has colonized in this biome. The success of this invasion can be explained by the high fertility and short life cycle as well as by the ability of D. nasuta to use different trophic resources.