A critical size defect model in the radius of rabbits / Modelo de falha óssea segmentar em rádio de coelhos

This study aimed to characterize a preclinical model of critical size defect (CSD) in the radius of rabbits.Twenty adults (> 7 months), female, New Zealand Rabbits, weighing between 3,5 to 5 Kg were used. They underwent a 1.5 cm long ostectomy of the diaphysis of the radius, starting 2 cm from the carpus joint. Radiographic analyses were performed at 15, 30, 60, and 90 days postoperatively, in order to evaluated bone callus formation, periosteal reaction, and bone bridge formation.The methodology allowed to precisely create bone defects of 1.5cm. Over time, no bone deposition was found at 15 days, but mild bone callus formation was observed in three animals after 60 days postoperative. At 90 days postoperatively only one rabbit presented bone consolidation radiographically, the others presented non-union. The critical bone defect proposed in this study was satisfactory, feasible with very low risk of complications.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo é caracterizar um modelo pré-clínico de falha óssea crítica em rádio de coelhos. Vinte coelhos adultos (> 7 meses), fêmeas, da raça New Zealand, pesando entre 3,5 e 5 kg foram utilizados. Os animais foram submetidos à ostectomia segmentar de 1,5 cm na diáfise do rádio, iniciando 2 cm acima da articulação carpo radial. As análises radiográficas foram feitas aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias pós-operatório, para avaliação de formação de calo ósseo, reação periosteal e formação de ponte óssea. nA metodologia permitiu a criação precisa de defeitos ósseo segmentar de 1,5 cm. Durante o experimento, não se observou deposição óssea na primeira avaliação radiográfica, porém após 60 dias foi possível visibilizar formação de calo ósseo em 3 animais. Aos 90 dias apenas um animal apresentou consolidação óssea radiograficamente; o restante apresentou não-união óssea. A falha óssea foi eficaz para estabelecer um defeito ósseo crítico além de apresentar fácil aplicação, apresentando pequeno índice de complicação.(AU)

A CRITICAL SIZE DEFECT MODEL IN THE RADIUS OF RABBITS

This study aimed to characterize a preclinical model of critical size defect (CSD) in the radius of rabbits.Twenty adults (> 7 months), female, New Zealand Rabbits, weighing between 3,5 to 5 Kg were used. They underwent a 1.5 cm long ostectomy of the diaphysis of the radius, starting 2 cm from the carpus joint. Radiographic analyses were performed at 15, 30, 60, and 90 days postoperatively, in order to evaluated bone callus formation, periosteal reaction, and bone bridge formation.The methodology allowed to precisely create bone defects of 1.5cm. Over time, no bone deposition was found at 15 days, but mild bone callus formation was observed in three animals after 60 days postoperative. At 90 days postoperatively only one rabbit presented bone consolidation radiographically, the others presented non-union. The critical bone defect proposed in this study was satisfactory, feasible with very low risk of complications. 

A critical size defect model in the radius of rabbits / Modelo de falha óssea segmentar em rádio de coelhos

This study aimed to characterize a preclinical model of critical size defect (CSD) in the radius of rabbits.Twenty adults (> 7 months), female, New Zealand Rabbits, weighing between 3,5 to 5 Kg were used. They underwent a 1.5 cm long ostectomy of the diaphysis of the radius, starting 2 cm from the carpus joint. Radiographic analyses were performed at 15, 30, 60, and 90 days postoperatively, in order to evaluated bone callus formation, periosteal reaction, and bone bridge formation.The methodology allowed to precisely create bone defects of 1.5cm. Over time, no bone deposition was found at 15 days, but mild bone callus formation was observed in three animals after 60 days postoperative. At 90 days postoperatively only one rabbit presented bone consolidation radiographically, the others presented non-union. The critical bone defect proposed in this study was satisfactory, feasible with very low risk of complications.

O objetivo do presente estudo é caracterizar um modelo pré-clínico de falha óssea crítica em rádio de coelhos. Vinte coelhos adultos (> 7 meses), fêmeas, da raça New Zealand, pesando entre 3,5 e 5 kg foram utilizados. Os animais foram submetidos à ostectomia segmentar de 1,5 cm na diáfise do rádio, iniciando 2 cm acima da articulação carpo radial. As análises radiográficas foram feitas aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias pós-operatório, para avaliação de formação de calo ósseo, reação periosteal e formação de ponte óssea. nA metodologia permitiu a criação precisa de defeitos ósseo segmentar de 1,5 cm. Durante o experimento, não se observou deposição óssea na primeira avaliação radiográfica, porém após 60 dias foi possível visibilizar formação de calo ósseo em 3 animais. Aos 90 dias apenas um animal apresentou consolidação óssea radiograficamente; o restante apresentou não-união óssea. A falha óssea foi eficaz para estabelecer um defeito ósseo crítico além de apresentar fácil aplicação, apresentando pequeno índice de complicação.

Nitrogen excretion during embryonic development of the green iguana, Iguana iguana (Reptilia; Squamata).

Development within the cleidoic egg of birds and reptiles presents the embryo with the problem of accumulation of wastes from nitrogen metabolism. Ammonia derived from protein catabolism is converted into the less toxic product urea or relatively insoluble uric acid. The pattern of nitrogen excretion of the green iguana, Iguana iguana, was determined during embryonic development using samples from allantoic fluid and from the whole homogenized egg, and in hatchlings and adults using samples of blood plasma. Urea was the major excretory product over the course of embryonic development. It was found in higher concentrations in the allantoic sac, suggesting that there is a mechanism present on the allantoic membrane enabling the concentration of urea. The newly hatched iguana still produced urea while adults produced uric acid. The time course of this shift in the type of nitrogen waste was not determined but the change is likely to be related to the water relations associated with the terrestrial habit of the adult. The green iguana produces parchment-shelled eggs that double in mass during incubation due to water absorption; the eggs also accumulate 0.02 mM of urea, representing 82% of the total measured nitrogenous residues that accumulate inside the allantois. The increase in egg mass and urea concentration became significant after 55 days of incubation then were unchanged until hatching.

Antifungal activity of fractions and two pure compounds of flowers from Wedelia paludosa (Acmela brasiliensis) (Asteraceae).

Wedelia paludosa (Acmela brasiliensis) (Asteraceae), a traditionally used native Brazilian medicinal plant, showed antifungal activity against dermatophytes in dilution tests. The hexane, dichloromethane and butanol fractions displayed activity against Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, with minimal inhibitory concentrations between 250 and 1000 microg/mL. Two pure compounds, identified as kaurenoic acid (1) and luteolin (2), also showed activity against these dermatophytes.