Physical aspects of orange essential oil-contaning particles after vacuum spray drying processing.

Vaccum spray drying has been shown as an alternative for drying sensitive compounds at lower temperatures than the conventional spray drying. Here, powders produced by both processes are compared considering their physical aspects and storage conditions. Orange essential oil-containing particles were produced by spray drying (190 °C/90 °C) and by vacuum spray drying (30 °C). The particles produced by vacuum spray dryer presented lower porosity and lower water adsorption than spray dried particles. Particles produced by both processes presented amorphous characteristics and no interaction between the wall material and encapsulated oil was observed. However, a lower oxidative stability during accelerated shelf life tests, in a period of 48 h, which can be related to the enhancement of oil retention. This study has significance for understanding the effect of the pressure and temperature over sensitive compounds and structural changes in the particles.

Impact of vacuum spray drying on encapsulation of fish oil: Oxidative stability and encapsulation efficiency.

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of vacuum spray drying technology for the microencapsulation of an oxidation-sensitive ingredient, in order to minimize lipid oxidation and maximize encapsulation efficiency. For this purpose, an emulsion containing fish oil was used for particles production. Maltodextrin and modified starch were employed as wall materials at a 75:25 ratio. The process was carried out on a vacuum spray dryer (VSD) and a spray dryer (SD) to compare the particles recovered by both processes. The particles produced by the VSD presented the best protection of the active material against lipid oxidation according to the methods evaluated, while the poorer protection was obtained for SD particles, which also showed the lowest encapsulation efficiency. All samples were hollow with continuous walls and no apparent fissures or cracks in their structures. The type of process significantly affected the physicochemical and structural properties of the microparticles.

Limit growth of ice crystals under different temperature oscillations levels in nile Tilapia

Abstract The degenerative effect of temperature fluctuations during storage time is a critical condition that needs to be quantitatively characterized in products where drip losses are appreciable. In this work, real storage conditions were reproduced using freezers modified to cause 3 levels of temperature fluctuation (± 0, ± 3, ± 5; ± 7) during storage of Tilapia (Oreochromis sp), at temperature of -18 °C. The fast frozen tilapia muscle (freezing cabinet) was chosen to quantify the growth of ice crystals according to temperature fluctuations. The identification of crystals in the optical microscope as well as histological treatments and measurements using specific software has shown that the growth of ice crystals in the first days of storage follows an asymptote, whose final value is conditioned only by the level of temperature fluctuations regardless of initial diameter, which begins storage. It has also been found that the growth of crystals formed during rapid freezing rapidly develops according to temperature fluctuations to which the product has been subjected. This work also identified statistically significant differences in the equivalent diameter of crystals formed at the four proposed levels of temperature fluctuation with significance level of p < 0.05.

Improving transport container design to reduce broiler chicken PSE (pale, soft, exudative) meat in Brazil.

Throughout the chicken production chain, transport from farm to the commercial abattoir is one of the most critical sources of stress, particularly heat stress. The aim of this work was to describe the performance of a new prototype truck container designed to improve the microenvironment and reduce the incidence of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) meat and dead on arrival (DOA) occurrences. Experiments were carried out for four different conditions: regular and prototype truck, both with and without wetting loaded cages at the farm (for bird thermal stress relief) just before transporting. While there was no difference in the DOA index (P ≥ 0.05), the prototype truck caused a reduction (P < 0.05) in the occurrence of PSE meat by 66.3% and 49.6% with and without wetting, respectively. The results of this experiment clearly revealed a low-cost solution for transporting chickens that yields better animal welfare conditions and improves meat quality.

Avaliação da estabilidade de soluções modelo (CMC-Sacarose) em recongelados / Model solutions (CMC-sucrose) stability evaluation after several freezing process

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade de soluções modelo pela determinação da temperatura de início de congelamento depois de repetidos processos de congelamento. As soluções utilizadas eram compostas por água, sacarose e Carboxi-Metil-Celulose (CMC). Foram avaliadas as concentrações de sacarose de 15 e 31,1% (m/m total da amostra) e do espessante de 0,5, 1 e 1,5% (m/m total da amostra). Buscou-se determinar a possibilidade de reutilização de soluções modelo em ensaios de congelamento. Com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que para a concentração de espessante de 0,5% não houve alteração da capacidade de retenção de água. A variação da concentração de sacarose não influenciou a estabilidade das soluções durante o estudo.