The importance, benefits, and future of nanobiosensors for infectious diseases.

Infectious diseases, caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, are crucial for efficient disease management, reducing morbidity and mortality rates and controlling disease spread. Traditional laboratory-based diagnostic methods face challenges such as high costs, time consumption, and a lack of trained personnel in resource-poor settings. Diagnostic biosensors have gained momentum as a potential solution, offering advantages such as low cost, high sensitivity, ease of use, and portability. Nanobiosensors are a promising tool for detecting and diagnosing infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis. These sensors use nanostructured carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanoparticles to detect specific biomarkers or pathogens. They operate through mechanisms like the lateral flow test platform, where a sample containing the biomarker or pathogen is applied to a test strip. If present, the sample binds to specific recognition probes on the strip, indicating a positive result. This binding event is visualized through a colored line. This review discusses the importance, benefits, and potential of nanobiosensors in detecting infectious diseases.

Isolation of the isopropanol extract components of the leaves of Ailanthus glandulosa by a new method.

The leaves of Ailanthus glandulosa were extracted with the Soxhlet apparatus using isopropanol. A new method was used to separate and isolate eleven chemical compounds present in the leaves of bird's tongue. The separation was carried out by column chromatography using displacement solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol) and four eluates were obtained. The four eluates were treated with a number of solvents, yielding thirty-four compounds. The chemical content of the mordants was determined using GC/MS technology. The samples tested contained six ester compounds, three aldehyde compounds, three ketone compounds, two alcoholic compounds, eight carboxylic acid compounds, five silicone compounds, five aromatic compounds and one phosphate compound. Eleven compounds were isolated, the most important of which are: 2-naphthoxyacetic acid, 2,6-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-ethylphenol, 2,5-tert-butylnitrobenzene, 5-hexyl-2-furaldehyde, 16-nitrobicyclo [10.4.0] hexadecan-1-ol-13-one, cyclooctasiloxan hexadecamethyl.

Synthesis of new flavonoid derivatives based on 3-hydroxy-4'-dimethylamino flavone and study the activity of some of them as antifungal.

Chalcone was prepared in a new route by reacting o-hydroxyacetophenone with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde using piperidine as a catalyst. 3-Hydroxy-2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl] benzopyran-4-one were prepared by Algar-Flynn-Oyamada method by cyclization of chalcone using Hydrogen peroxide. A series of alkyl and ester derivatives of the flavonoid 3-hydroxy-2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl] benzopyran-4-one were prepared by reacting the above mentioned compound with different chemical reagents (Methyl iodide, Allyl bromide, Benzyl chloride, Bromoacetylcoumarin, Chloroacetamide, Chloroacetyl chloride, Phthalic anhydride, Maleic anhydride, Phthalimide, Cinnamoyl chloride) with potassium carbonate and acetone or DMF as a solvent. The physical and spectroscopic properties of the new compounds were studied by (FT-IR, 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR) spectral methods. The purity of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using TLC thin layer chromatography. The biological activity of some synthetic flavonoids (A2, A5, A7, A8, A9, A12) at two different concentrations (0.5 mg/ml, 0.25 mg/ml) were studied on three types of fungi: Aspergillus flavus, Acremonium strictum, Penicillium expansum. Some of this compounds showed high activity against the tested fungi.

Management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in a dedicated psychogeriatric unit: a pilot experience.

BACKGROUND: The French government gave a consensual definition of reinforced care units for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia (BPSD) within the project "Plan Alzheimer 2008/2012." These Cognitive and Behavioral Units (CBU) differ in resources from the traditional reference units for BPSD management, the Acute Psychogeriatric Units (APU). However, a better understanding of their operational specificities may enhance the CBU and APU synergies. OBJECTIVES: To describe one of the first CBU experiments, with regard to preexisting BPSD management in an APU in the same geriatric hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 129 patients with BPSD, 35 from the CBU and 94 admitted to the APU before opening the colocated CBU. RESULTS: Patients from the CBU often showed comorbidities and a lower nutritional status, but these conditions were more frequent in the APU (P ≤ 10(-4)). Severe dementia, night time and aberrant motor behavior, and agitation were more frequent in the CBU (P ≤ 0.0015). In both the units, about 80% of patients were improved without increased use of psychotropic medications and there was a high discharge rate back home of about 30%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings that are still preliminary support a particular role for the CBU for elderly patients showing the most advanced dementia and disruptive BPSD. Colocated APU and CBU may allow for more effective integration of medical and psychiatric care in elderly patients with BPSD with frequent comorbidities.