Predictors of sudden cardiac death in never previously treated patients with essential hypertension: long-term follow-up.

Increased QT dispersion has been associated with ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death in a variety of cardiac disorders. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has also been associated with increased incidence of sudden cardiac death in patients with essential hypertension. Furthermore, patients with essential hypertension, particularly those with LVH, are more likely to develop ventricular arrhythmias than are the normal population. The relationship between LVH, QT dispersion, complex ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in previously untreated patients over long-term follow-up in hypertension has not been reported before and is the purpose of this study. Fifty-nine adult subjects with essential hypertension, who had never been previously on antihypertensive treatment were followed up for a total of 119.2 +/- 26.2 months. QTc (corrected QT), blood pressure, electrocardiograms, and 24-h Holter ECG recordings were performed in all patients at the time of entry to the study. Ventricular arrhythmias were classified using a modified Lown's scoring system. During the follow-up period death occurred in 12 cases (20%) of which only six (10%) deaths were sudden. The findings of this study indicate that LVH and complex ventricular arrhythmias (Lown's score > or =3) are the only significant predictors of sudden death. Although patients who died suddenly had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures and greater QTc dispersion compared to surviving patients, this difference was statistically not significant. Similarly, when those who died suddenly were compared to those non-cardiac deaths, LVH and complex ventricular arrhythmias were the only significant predictors of sudden death. In spite of increased QTc dispersion in hypertensive patients, this finding was not associated with increased risk of sudden death and only LVH and high grade ventricular arrhythmias identified hypertensive patients at risk of sudden cardiac death over a 10-year follow-up period.

Metabolic complications of organophosphate and carbamate poisoning.

The clinical manifestations of acute organophosphate (OP) and carbamate poisoning have already been well described. Most of these reports were on the cardiac, neurologic, respiratory and other clinical complications of these compounds. However, very little attention has been given to the metabolic aspects of this problem, particularly those accompanying carbamate poisoning. This paper describes the metabolic complications seen in 84 adult patients after acute poisoning with these compounds.

Case report: Acute myocardial infarction complicating a viper bite.

Myocardial infarction is a rare complication of snakebite. The present report describes a 40-year-old Jordanian farmer who developed an acute myocardial infarction several hours after a snakebite. The diagnosis of myocardial infarction was confirmed by a typical history of retrosternal chest pain, characteristic electrocardiographic changes, and elevated serum creatinine kinase (MB-CK). The patient had no risk factors for coronary artery disease and the coronary arteries were normal on cardiac catheterization. The possible mechanisms leading to myocardial infarction following snakebite are discussed.

Wall stress and hypertension.

The precise role that abnormal wall stress may play in the pathophysiology of hypertensive heart disease is not known. Hypertension is almost unique in that it ultimately affects all parts of the law of Laplace equation, i.e. intraventricular pressure changes and with the advent of left ventricular hypertrophy both internal radius and wall thickness alter. If heart failure supervenes the components of the equation change once more. This article will discuss the implications of abnormal wall stress at these various stages in hypertensive heart disease.

Cardiac manifestations of acute carbamate and organophosphate poisoning.

OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency, extent, and pathogenesis of the cardiac complications accompanying organophosphate and carbamate poisoning. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: A medical intensive care unit (MICU) of a general hospital. SUBJECTS: 46 adult patients admitted over a five year period with a diagnosis of organophosphate or carbamate poisoning. RESULTS: Cardiac complications developed in 31 patients (67%). These were: non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, 20 (43%); cardiac arrhythmias, 11 (24%); electrocardiographic abnormalities including prolonged Q-Tc interval, 31 (67%); ST-T changes, 19 (41%); and conduction defects, 4 (9%). Sinus tachycardia occurred in 16 patients (35%) and sinus bradycardia in 13 (28%). Hypertension developed in 10 patients (22%) and hypotension in eight (17%). Eight patients (17%) needed respiratory support because of respiratory depression. Although more than two thirds of the patients (67%) had a prolonged Q-Tc interval, none had polymorphic ventricular tachycardia of the torsade de pointes type. Two patients died from ventricular fibrillation, an in hospital mortality of 4%. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac complications often accompany poisoning with these compounds, particularly during the first few hours. Hypoxaemia, acidosis, and electrolyte derangements are major predisposing factors. Intensive supportive treatment in intensive or coronary care facilities with administration of atropine in adequate doses early in the course of the illness will reduce the mortality.

Infective endocarditis and occult splenic abscess caused by Brucella melitensis infection: a case report and review of the literature.

This report describes a patient with prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis caused by Brucella melitensis infection with an initial relapse after apparent recovery due to associated occult splenic abscess. In spite of a prolonged period of recovery (6 months) achieved with splenectomy and antibrucella antimicrobial therapy, a second relapse occurred and cure was achieved after replacement of the infected prosthetic valve and prolonged courses of antibrucella antimicrobial therapy. There is controversy on the optimal therapy of such cases, but this report suggests that successful management requires a combination of medical and early surgical therapy.

Clinical and sociodemographic features of acute carbamate and organophosphate poisoning: a study of 70 adult patients in north Jordan.

OBJECTIVE: To define the sociodemographic and clinical aspects of organic phosphate and carbamate poisoning. DESIGN: The records of 70 adults (33 males and 37 females) with carbamate or organophosphate intoxication admitted to a North Jordan Teaching Hospital over a five-year period were reviewed retrospectively. These patients represented 10% of all drug overdoses admitted over the same period. RESULTS: The most cases occurred in the 15-19 year-old age group and the female to male ratio was 1.1:1. Carbamate intoxication was more than twice as common as organophosphate intoxication. Two thirds (64%) of the patients intended to commit suicide, 26% were due to accidental ingestion and the remaining 10% were from occupational exposure. Muscarinic manifestations were the predominant clinical feature followed by central nervous system and then nicotinic manifestations. Low grade fever, not related to infection, was observed in 49% of the patients and respiratory difficulty in 47%, of which 11% required assisted ventilation. Twenty-nine percent of the patients presented with coma. Three patients died for a hospital mortality of 4%. CONCLUSIONS: The widespread use of carbamates and organophosphates as household pesticides and the lack of adequate regulations controlling their sale and application has encouraged teenagers to prefer them as a modality of attempted suicide. This source of poisoning has become a major health problem in some developing countries.