National diabetes prevention program (DEHKO): awareness and self-reported lifestyle changes in Finnish middle-aged population.

OBJECTIVES: The national development programme for the prevention and care of diabetes was carried out in Finland during 2000-2010. One of the programme goals was to raise awareness of diabetes and its risk factors in the whole population through various activities, e.g. media campaigns and health fares. In addition, a targeted implementation project on the prevention of type 2 diabetes, FIN-D2D, was carried out in selected districts during 2003-2008. The aim of this analysis was to examine the changes in overall awareness of the programme and its association with self-reported lifestyle changes within the adult population during the FIN-D2D project period in the FIN-D2D area compared with the area not participating in the FIN-D2D (the control area). STUDY DESIGN: Health behaviour and health among the Finnish Adult Population -postal survey. METHODS: The structured questionnaire mailed to a random population sample included questions on participants' sociodemographic background, medical history, health habits, and recent lifestyle changes. Awareness of the national diabetes programme was also enquired. Data (n = 10 831) from the 2004-2008 postal surveys were used for this investigation. RESULTS: In the FIN-D2D area, 25% (347/1384) of men and 48% (797/1674) of women reported being aware of the programme. In the control area, the proportions were 20% (702/3551) and 36% (1514/4222), respectively. The overall awareness increased among both genders and in all areas during the project period, but the level of awareness was consistently higher in the FIN-D2D area. Female gender and higher age were associated with increasing awareness of the programme in both areas. Self-reported lifestyle changes were more common among women, but associated with the level of awareness of the programme more often among men than women. CONCLUSIONS: The awareness of diabetes and its risk factors increased among men and women in both implementation and control areas during the FIN-D2D project period. The activities of the implementation project may at least partly explain the differences in lifestyle changes between areas, especially among men. The results suggest that health promotion campaigns increase the population awareness about the prevention of chronic diseases and as a result, especially men may be prompted to make beneficial lifestyle changes.

Comparison of encainide and quinidine for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.

The antiarrhythmic efficacy and tolerability of encainide and quinidine were compared in an open-design study in which 50 patients with recurrent supraventricular tachyarrhythmias received intravenous encainide in an initial phase and oral encainide and quinidine in a subsequent, randomized crossover phase. Oral encainide (75 to 200 mg/day), administered to 47 patients for an average of 4.7 months, was effective in 77%, and oral quinidine (1,200 mg/day), administered to 44 patients for an average of 3.2 months, was effective in 66% of the patients (difference not significant). When the duration of therapy at each crossover period was compared, the percentage of patients who continued to take encainide was consistently higher than the percentage who continued to take quinidine (p less than 0.01). Twenty-nine percent of the patients discontinued encainide treatment, 23% because of clinical inefficacy and 6% because of adverse effects. Fifty-nine percent of the patients discontinued quinidine treatment, 20% because of inefficacy and 39% because of adverse effects. Based on antiarrhythmic efficacy, encainide is at least as effective as quinidine in the treatment of patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. However, because of encainide's much greater tolerability, it was distinctly superior in terms of clinical use. This study was an open-design, randomized crossover trial to compare the efficacy and tolerability of encainide with those of quinidine in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.